机器学习用于预测癌症老年患者的术后功能残疾和死亡率:回顾性队列研究
Yuki Hashimoto1, Norihiko Inoue1, Takuaki Tani2
1Department of Clinical Data Management and Research, Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Headquarters, 2-5-21 Higashigaoka, Meguroku, 152-8621, Japan, 81 3-5712-5133, 81 3-5712-5088.
JMIR aging
|May 15, 2025
概括
机器学习模型可以使用常规的术前数据预测老年癌症患者的术后残疾或死亡. CatBoost 模型表现出强的性能,有助于手术决策,改善了患者的生活质量.
科学领域:
- 老年瘤学 老年瘤学
- 手术瘤学手术瘤学
- 人工智能在医学中的应用
背景情况:
- 全球癌症负担不断增加和人口老龄化需要改善对老年患者的护理.
- 对老年癌症患者的手术决定需要预测手术后的结果,以保持生活质量.
- 现有的模型没有准确地预测老年癌症患者的术后功能障碍.
研究的目的:
- 开发和验证机器学习模型,用于预测65岁及以上癌症患者的术后功能残疾或住院死亡.
- 确定影响这些结果的关键手术前因素.
主要方法:
- 在70家日本医院进行了33355名年龄≥65岁,接受重大癌症手术的患者的回顾性队列研究.
- 开发了6个机器学习模型 (CatBoost,XGBoost,逻辑回归,神经网络,随机森林,支持矢量机) 使用37个手术前因素.
- 模型性能使用接收器运行特征曲线 (AUC) 下的面积来评估;特征重要性通过SHAP值来评估.
主要成果:
- CatBoost和XGBoost模型在训练组中表现出最高的预测性能,AUC为0.81.
- 最重要的影响因素包括痴呆症,年龄≥85岁和胃肠癌.
- CatBoost模型在内部验证中达到0.77的AUC,在外部验证中达到0.72的AUC.
结论:
- CatBoost模型有效地利用现有的手术前数据预测老年癌症患者的术后结果.
- 这个模型可以帮助手术决策,考虑患者的生活质量和护理负担.
- 集成到电子健康记录中的潜力,以临床实施.
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