牛肉和手指小米的基因组学化和传播
Degsew Z Mekonnen1,2, Ana Isabel Gomes1,3, Rui S R Machado1
1ICArEHB - The Interdisciplinary Centre for Archaeology and Evolution of Human Behaviour, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal.
概括
基因组数据显示,tef和指小米起源于埃塞俄比亚和厄立特里亚 (NHE) 的北部高地. 这些作物随后遍布非洲,阿拉伯和印度,形成了早期的农业.
科学领域:
- * 民族植物学和考古植物学.
- * 基因组学和作物化
- * 非洲农业史 非洲农业史
背景情况:
- * 埃塞俄比亚和厄立特里亚北部高地 (NHE) 是非洲早期复杂社会和粮食生产的摇篮.
- * 由于地理位置靠近阿拉伯半岛和尼罗河文化,促进了各种作物的引入.
- * NHE被认为是土著作物的化中心,如 tef (Eragrostis tef) 和手指小米 (Eleusine coracana).
研究的目的:
- * 调查和手指小米的化起源和分散模式.
- *利用基因组数据与考古证据一起,以了解作物进化.
- * 解决该地区稀少的考古植物记录和保护挑战所带来的局限性.
主要方法:
- *基因组分析以确定特夫和指小米的野生祖先.
- *将遗传发现与现有的考古数据和代理数据相结合.
- *植物遗传学分析,以追踪这些作物的进化历史和传播.
主要成果:
- * 确认Eragrostis pilosa是tef的唯一野生祖先.
- * 已确认的Eleusine coracana亚种. 非洲小米是指小米的唯一野生祖先.
- *Tef化发生在NHE,随后分散到埃塞俄比亚南部和阿拉伯. 指小米通过两条路线传播:东到印度和南通过东非到南非.
结论:
- *NHE在养tef和指小米方面发挥了关键作用.
- *基因组洞察力提供了更清晰的了解这些重要的非洲作物的传播.
- * 这项研究有助于揭开非洲及其他地区农业和人类与环境相互作用的复杂历史.
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