弱监督的文本分类在患者报告的结果措施中对自由文本评论的文字分类.
Anna-Grace Linton1, Vania Gatseva Dimitrova2, Amy Downing3
1UKRI CDT in AI for Medical Diagnosis and Care, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.
Frontiers in digital health
|May 15, 2025
概括
弱监督文本分类 (WSTC) 有效地分析患者报告的结果测量 (PROM) 评论,以确定与健康有关的生活质量 (HRQoL) 主题. 基于关键字的WSTC方法显示了有限的标记数据的潜力,其中一些在特定主题上实现了高精度.
科学领域:
- 计算语言学 计算语言学
- 医疗信息学 医疗信息学
- 机器学习 机器学习
背景情况:
- 患者报告的结果指标 (PROM) 通过自由文本评论捕获有价值的与健康有关的生活质量 (HRQoL) 数据.
- 手动分析这些评论是劳动密集型和耗时的.
- 现有的机器学习方法通常需要广泛的标记数据和分析后的解释.
研究的目的:
- 评估五种弱监督文本分类 (WSTC) 技术的有效性,以分析PROM的评论.
- 在使用WSTC的癌症患者数据中识别与健康相关的生活质量 (HRQoL) 主题.
- 用有限的标记数据评估WSTC方法的性能和可解释性.
主要方法:
- 范围审查确定了HRQoL的关键主题和关键词.
- 五种基于关键字的WSTC方法 (定Corex,BERTopic,引导LDA,WeSTClass,X-Class) 应用于结直肠和前列腺癌PROM数据集.
- 绩效通过整体和主题特定的指标进行评估,并通过领域专家对可解释性进行审查.
主要成果:
- 确定了六个主要的HRQoL主题:并发症,日常生活,健康途径和服务,身体功能,心理和情绪功能以及社会功能.
- 方法的性能各不相同,固定的CoreEx获得0.57 (结肠直肠) 和0.61 (前列腺) 的加权F1得分.
- 个别主题达到F1得分高达0.92,利用专家种子术语和从有限的数据中推断的方法表现最好.
结论:
- 基于关键字的WSTC方法显示出分析PROM评论的巨大潜力,特别是当标记数据稀缺时.
- 该研究强调了WSTC在准确地从患者生成的文本中分类HRQoL主题方面的能力和局限性.
- 在医疗保健研究中,WSTC提供了一条有前途的途径,用于有效和可扩展地分析医疗保健研究中的患者定性反.
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