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An Orthotopic Mouse Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma
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甲状腺中细胞吸收-临床参数的含义和细胞学诊断
Joanna K M Ng1,2,3, Joshua J X Li4, Matrix M H Fung5
1Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
概括
甲状腺吸收中的细胞不会增加癌症风险. 大多数瘤性甲状腺癌是乳头甲状腺癌,而不是瘤性甲状腺癌. 超声波和甲状腺功能测试有助于评估风险.
科学领域:
- 内分泌学 在内分泌学.
- 细胞病理学 细胞病理学
- 在瘤学瘤学.
背景情况:
- 甲状腺吸收中的细胞的临床意义尚不清楚,可能导致过度治疗.
- 准确的风险分层对于管理甲状腺结节与细胞至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 评估含甲状腺细胞的甲状腺吸收剂中恶性瘤和瘤风险的临床放射学参数和细胞学诊断的预测值.
- 为了澄清瘤细胞和甲状腺癌结局之间的关联.
主要方法:
- 在9年的时间里,对371种甲状腺吸附细胞的回顾性审查.
- 分析临床,放射学和病理学数据,包括精细针吸收 (FNA) 细胞学和后续结果.
- 贝塞斯达细胞学类别与恶性瘤风险 (ROM) 和瘤风险 (RON) 的相关性.
主要成果:
- 贝塞斯达类别C5+与恶性瘤有显著的相关性 (P=.003),而C3+与瘤有显著的相关性 (P=.006).
- 高的自由三甲状腺素/自由甲状腺素水平与良性结局相关 (P=.001),而超声波上的囊性变化表明恶性/新生体风险较低 (P=.012,P=.041).
- 恶性/新发性结局与患者的性别或年龄没有相关性. 其他超声波特征并不是显著的预测因素.
结论:
- 甲状腺吸附剂中细胞的存在并不本质上增加恶性瘤的风险.
- 恶性瘤性甲状腺病变主要是乳头甲状腺癌,而不是瘤性甲状腺癌.
- 超声波发现和甲状腺功能测试是评估这些病例风险的宝贵工具.
相关概念视频
01:23The Thyroid Gland
The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
01:20Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones
Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The iodine is then...
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The iodine is then...
01:25Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction
Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...
01:27Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology
Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...
01:28Graves' Disease I: Introduction
Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, or overactivity of the thyroid gland. It results from autoantibodies called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs), which bind to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors, leading to overstimulation of hormone production and a hypermetabolic state.EtiologyAlthough considered idiopathic, Graves’ disease has well-established contributing factors. There is a strong genetic component, with increased prevalence in...
01:24Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology
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