Ettore Amerio1,2, Francesco Sparano1, Agustín Muñoz-Sanz3

  • 1Department of Periodontology, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain.

概括

吸烟在周植入炎病变中显著增加了M1巨细胞两极分化,导致了亲炎性反应. 这种细胞转移会加剧组织损伤,并可能对牙植入物结果产生负面影响.