在秘鲁,COVID-19大流行对覆盖率和儿童免疫接种不平等的影响
Larissa A N Silva1, Francine S Costa2, Bianca O Cata-Preta3
1International Center for Equity in Health and Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Rua Marechal Deodoro, 1160-3° Piso, Bairro Centro - Pelotas, RS, Caixa Postal 464, Pelotas, 96020-220, Brazil. ladna@equidade.org.
由于COVID-19大流行,秘鲁的儿童免疫覆盖率暂时下降,对贫困儿童产生了不成比例的影响. 然而,到2022年,五价,轮状病毒和肺炎球菌疫苗的疫苗覆盖率反弹,尽管不平等性波动.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 全球健康 全球健康
背景情况:
- 自20世纪90年代以来,秘鲁有改善儿童疫苗接种率的历史.
- COVID-19大流行给秘鲁的医疗保健系统和免疫计划带来了重大挑战.
- 专注于五价,轮状病毒和肺炎球菌 (PCV) 疫苗的覆盖范围.
研究的目的:
- 检查COVID-19流行病对秘鲁儿童免疫覆盖率的影响.
- 分析疫情期间和之后疫苗公平性的变化.
- 评估五价,轮状病毒和PCV疫苗的覆盖率.
主要方法:
- 对2015-2023年全国代表性的健康调查进行分析.
- 用家庭记录测量18-29个月龄的儿童的疫苗覆盖率.
- 使用基于家庭财富五分位数的不平等斜率指数 (SII) 评估的不平等.
主要成果:
- 在2019年流行前的覆盖率:五价值78.0%,PCV74.5%,轮状病毒75.9%.
- 在2020年,由于流行病的干扰,覆盖率大幅下降 (PCV/pentavalent下降14%,轮状病毒下降12%).
- 到2022-2023年,覆盖率恢复到大流行前的水平;富人之间的不平等最初恶化,然后恢复到基线,随后在2023年出现了无法解释的增加.
结论:
- 由于COVID-19大流行,秘鲁的儿童免疫接种暂时但显著地受到干扰.
- 贫困人口在疫情期间因不平等的增加而受到不成比例的影响.
- 到2022年,儿童免疫覆盖率和公平措施将在很大程度上恢复,这有助于对疫苗公平影响的流行病影响的有限文献.
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