在自闭症研究中发现和解决研究,政策和实践之间缺失的联系:从早期自闭症查和干预研究中吸取教训
Giacomo Vivanti1, Anne M Roux1, Diana L Robins1
1A.J. Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
概括
尽管自闭症研究越来越多,但在将发现应用到实践中仍然存在差距. 政策干预,包括立法和专业指导方针,对于改善早期自闭症检测和干预至关重要,有利于自闭症频谱中的个体.
科学领域:
- 自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 研究和临床实践.
- 卫生服务研究和政策实施科学.
背景情况:
- 20年来自闭症诊断和干预研究的显著增长.
- 研究结果,政策制定和临床实践之间存在持续的差距.
- 在美国,基于证据的自闭症查工具和干预措施未得到充分利用.
研究的目的:
- 检查自闭症诊断和干预方面的研究实践差距.
- 分析"大P" (立法,法规) 和"小P" (指南) 政策在弥合这些差距方面的作用.
- 应用探索,准备,实施,维持 (EPIS) 框架来了解这些差异.
主要方法:
- 对自闭症研究,政策和实践的现有文献的评论和分析.
- 探索,准备,实施,维持 (EPIS) 框架的应用.
- 关注宏观层面 (大P) 和微观层面 (小p) 政策的影响.
主要成果:
- 标准化的自闭症查工具被儿科医生所使用不足,尽管对早期诊断有已证明的好处.
- 自然主义的发育行为干预 (NDBI) 尽管有很强的证据,但在早期干预环境中很少使用.
- 政策包括政府和专业组织层面,在将研究转化为实践方面发挥着至关重要的作用.
结论:
- 解决发现的差距需要战略政策干预.
- 政策努力可以促进采用基于证据的自闭症实践.
- 通过政策弥合研究与实践之间的差距,可以提高早期发现和干预,改善自闭症患者的治疗结果.
相关概念视频
01:19Autism Spectrum Disorder
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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
77
01:26Modeling in Therapy
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Modeling, a key technique in therapy, uses observational learning to help clients acquire and practice new skills by watching therapists demonstrate desired behaviors. This approach, rooted in Albert Bandura's concept of vicarious learning, plays a significant role in therapeutic interventions for various psychological conditions, including social anxiety, ADHD, and depression.
Participant Modeling
Participant modeling involves therapists demonstrating calm and effective behaviors in...
Participant Modeling
Participant modeling involves therapists demonstrating calm and effective behaviors in...
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01:24Operant Conditioning Intervention
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Operant conditioning serves as a foundational principle in therapeutic interventions aimed at modifying maladaptive behaviors. Central to this approach is the notion that behaviors, both adaptive and maladaptive, are learned through reinforcement. By analyzing the environmental factors that reinforce problematic behaviors, clinicians can design interventions to weaken these reinforcements and replace maladaptive behaviors with healthier alternatives.
In operant conditioning, behaviors that are...
In operant conditioning, behaviors that are...
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01:21Behavior Modification
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Behavioral approaches have often been criticized for ignoring mental processes and focusing solely on observable behavior. However, these approaches provide an optimistic perspective for individuals seeking to change their behaviors. Rather than concentrating on intrinsic personality traits, behavioral approaches suggest that even longstanding habits can be modified by changing the reward contingencies that maintain them.
A real-world application of operant conditioning principles is applied...
A real-world application of operant conditioning principles is applied...
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