成年急性淋巴细胞白血病:2025年关于诊断,治疗和监测的更新
Hagop Kantarjian1, Elias Jabbour1
1Department of Leukemia, U.T. M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
American journal of hematology
|May 16, 2025
概括
治疗急性淋巴细胞白血病 (ALL) 的进展显著. 新型疗法,包括氨酸激酶抑制剂和免疫疗法,正在改善各种ALL亚型的生存率,特别是在成年人中.
科学领域:
- 血液学 血液学 血液学
- 在瘤学瘤学.
- 免疫治疗是一种免疫疗法.
背景情况:
- 急性淋巴细胞白血病 (ALL) 是一种罕见的癌症,影响淋巴细胞原生细胞.
- 治疗结果在儿科和成人患者之间有很大的差异.
- 费城染色体阳性 (Ph+) ALL历史上预后不佳,但通过向治疗得到改善.
研究的目的:
- 审查目前针对不同类型ALL的治疗策略.
- 为突出儿童和成人ALL患者治疗的进展.
- 讨论新型药物和新兴治疗方法的作用.
主要方法:
- 对ALL当前治疗指南和临床试验数据的文献综述.
- 对费城染色体阳性 (Ph+) B细胞ALL,Ph阴性 (Ph-) B细胞ALL,T细胞ALL和救援疗法的治疗方法的分析.
- 评估新型药物,如TKIs,布利纳图马布,伊诺图祖马布,奥佐加米辛,维内托克拉克斯和CAR T细胞疗法.
主要成果:
- 氨酸激酶抑制剂 (TKIs) 结合化疗或布利纳图马布已经改善了5年生存率超过80%的Ph+ALL.
- 新型药物,如inotuzumab,ozogamicin和blinatumomab可增强非阳性B细胞ALL的结局,四年生存率达到80-85%.
- 结合性化疗与基化阿斯巴拉金酶和内拉拉宾是T细胞ALL的标准,正在对ETP-ALL进行venetoclax的调查.
结论:
- 现代治疗方案,包括化疗-免疫疗法组合,已经显著提高了患者群体的ALL生存率.
- 针对性疗法和免疫疗法对于管理特定的ALL亚型和改善老年人治疗结果至关重要.
- 目前正在进行的临床试验正在探索先进的策略,如CAR T细胞疗法和用于耐火性或复发性ALL的组合疗法.
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