在工业堆肥过程中塑料废物分解为微塑料:生物废物设施的案例研究
N Risku1, O Dahl2, H Vanhanen2
1P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 University of Jyväskylä, Finland.
Waste management (New York, N.Y.)
|May 16, 2025
概括
工业堆肥碎片塑料成微塑料,对农业土壤构成风险. 微生物群落在过程中显示这些微塑料的最小降解.
科学领域:
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 微生物学 微生物学
- 材料科学 材料科学 材料科学
背景情况:
- 微塑料污染是一个日益严重的环境问题,农业用地通过堆肥修正案被确定为潜在的接收者.
- 目前的生物废物管理技术和欧盟肥料法规 (≥2毫米) 无法充分应对微塑料 (<2毫米) 的挑战.
- 生物废物管理系统中塑料的命运存在有限的研究,特别是它们的碎片化和微生物降解.
研究的目的:
- 在工业堆肥过程中研究塑料的碎片化成微塑料.
- 评估微生物群落在堆肥过程中塑料降解中的作用.
- 为量化基于堆肥的肥料中的微塑料污染.
主要方法:
- 在堆肥过程的各个阶段采集样本 (清洁前,道堆肥,户外成熟,最终的堆肥肥料).
- 微塑料分析的重点是使用拉曼光谱学对超过20微米的颗粒进行分析.
- 微生物社区分析采用16SrRNA测序和脂脂肪酸 (PLFA) 分析.
主要成果:
- 在整个堆肥过程中,观察到微塑料颗粒数量的显著增加和颗粒大小的减少.
- 成熟的堆肥中平均含有944±586颗粒/g干重 (<0.25毫米),主要是聚乙烯基四甲酸盐 (PET),占干重的0.25%.
- 微生物群落表现出微妙的变化,真菌群落表现出一些转变,而Firmicutes仍然占主导地位. 没有观察到显著的塑料降解.
结论:
- 工业堆肥过程有助于将较大的塑料物品碎成微塑料.
- 在堆肥过程中存在的微生物群落在显著降解微塑料方面并不有效.
- 基于堆肥的肥料可能是农业土壤中微塑料污染的重要来源,需要改进废物管理策略.
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