时空预测在动态视觉搜索中的分心中具有不变年龄的好处
Nir Shalev1,2,3,4, Sage Boettcher5,6, Anna C Nobre5,6,7
1Department of Gerontology, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, IL, Israel. nir.shalev@psy.ox.ac.uk.
Scientific reports
|May 16, 2025
概括
老年人表现出注意力缺陷,但这两个年龄组都从动态视觉搜索任务中的预测中受益. 当分心率很高时,无论年龄如何,预测的好处最为显著.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 衰老的神经科学 衰老的神经科学
- 人类注意力研究研究研究
背景情况:
- 视觉搜索任务对于理解注意力和年龄相关差异至关重要.
- 传统的任务是静态的,与具有预测元素的动态现实环境不同.
- 老年人经常表现出目标驱动的注意力下降和注意力分散的敏感性增加.
研究的目的:
- 在动态视觉搜索环境中调查与年龄相关的注意力差异.
- 检查预测信息如何影响不同分心水平和年龄组的注意力.
- 探索目标导向的注意力,学习驱动的指导和衰老之间的相互作用.
主要方法:
- 开发了一个具有时空规律的动态视觉搜索任务,用于预测.
- 操纵了分散注意力的数量和跨试验的目标可预测性.
- 招募了年轻人和年长的成年人来执行视觉搜索任务.
主要成果:
- 老年人表现出注意力减弱和对分心的敏感性增加,与之前的研究一致.
- 所有年龄组都受益于预测线索,特别是在高度分心的时期.
- 预测的好处只有当分心水平很高时才显著,无论年龄如何.
结论:
- 老化中的注意力控制受到动态环境和预测线索的影响.
- 目标导向的注意力与学习驱动的注意力指导之间存在分离.
- 预测策略可以在复杂的视觉搜索场景中减轻与年龄相关的注意力缺陷.
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