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相关概念视频

Free-Radical Chain Reaction and Polymerization of Alkenes02:35

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The conversion of alkenes to macromolecules called polymers is a reaction of high commercial importance. The structure of the polymer is defined by a repeating unit, while the terminal groups are considered insignificant. The average degree of polymerization represents the number of repeating units in the polymer molecule and is denoted by the subscript n.
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Polymers are classified as linear or branched on the basis of their chain architecture. The polymer chains in linear polymers have a long chain-like structure with minimal to no branching at all. Even if a polymer features large substituent groups on the monomer, which appear as branches to the skeleton, it is not considered a branched polymer. A branched polymer contains secondary polymer chains that arise from the main polymer chain. The branching occurs when the polymer growth shifts from...
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Polymerization generates chiral centers along the entire backbone of a polymer chain. Accordingly, the stereochemistry of the substituent group has a significant effect on polymer properties. Polymers formed from monosubstituted alkene monomers feature chiral carbons at every alternate position in the polymer backbone. Relative to the predominant orientation of substituents at the adjacent chiral carbons, the polymer can exist in three different configurations: isotactic, syndiotactic, and...
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Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
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The introduction of polyesters has brought major development to the textile industry. The wrinkle-free behavior of polyester blends has eliminated the need for starching and ironing clothes.
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Bioplastics derived from microbial processes present a sustainable alternative to conventional petroleum-based plastics. Among these, polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), particularly polyhydroxybutyrates (PHBs), have emerged as prominent candidates due to their biodegradability and biocompatibility. These polymers are synthesized by a variety of bacteria, such as Cupriavidus necator and Pseudomonas putida, which naturally accumulate PHAs as intracellular carbon and energy reserves, especially under...
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高性能可回收聚合物,可通过立体声和序列控制的聚合.

Meng-Yuan Wang1, Yi-Min Tu1, Qing-Qian Zeng1

  • 1National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China.

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概括

在聚合物合成中精确的立体控制使得化学可回收材料的创造成为可能. 这项研究证明了具有两个立体中心的单体的立体和序列控制的聚合,从而产生可调节的聚合物特性.

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科学领域:

  • 聚合物化学 聚合物化学
  • 材料科学 材料科学 材料科学
  • 有机合成 有机合成

背景情况:

  • 单体设计是创建具有量身定制性质的化学可回收聚合物的关键.
  • 具有多个立体中心的聚合物可以对材料特性进行先进的控制.
  • 在聚合过程中实现精确的立体控制和序列控制仍然是一个重要的合成挑战.

研究的目的:

  • 为5H-1,4-二氧化-3(2H) 一基单体开发立体和序列控制的聚合方法.
  • 合成具有受控微观结构的富含异构的AB二块化和ABA三块化聚合物.
  • 探索聚合物微观结构和宏观性质之间的关系,包括化学可回收性.

主要方法:

  • 具有两个立体中心的单体的立体和序列控制的聚合.
  • 合成AB双块 (P ((cis-M) -b-P ((trans-M)) 和ABA三块 (P ((trans-M) -b-P ((cis-M) -b-P ((trans-M)) 共聚物.
  • 聚合物的特性,包括机械性能和化学可回收性.

主要成果:

  • 成功合成了与控制的立体化学和序列的富含异构的AB和ABA块共聚合物.
  • 证明P(cis-M2)900-b-P(trans-M2)38的性和可塑性与异性聚烯相当.
  • 展示了P ((trans-M2) 26-b-P ((cis-M2) 900-b-P ((trans-M2) 26具有类似于低密度聚乙烯的软度.
  • 证实所有合成的聚合物都可以完全转换回原始单体.

结论:

  • 建立了一个强大的立体和序列控制的聚合策略,使得聚合物特性能够精确地定制.
  • 通过在分子层面控制微观结构,开发出具有多样机械性能的新型化学可回收聚合物.
  • 证明了创建具有可调节性能和高效可循环利用性的先进材料的潜力.