为肯尼亚内罗毕现场卫生设施提供基于团体的手动排空服务的障碍和促进因素:一项定性研究
Hiroaki Tomoi1, Bonface Butichi Ingumba2, Sheillah Simiyu2
1London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, WC1E 7HT, London, United Kingdom; School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Japan.
概括
在内罗毕,以小组为基础的手动坑所排空可以提高效率和可负担性. 主要障碍包括社会规范和物流,但解决这些问题可以提高安全和成本效益的卫生服务.
科学领域:
- 环境健康 环境健康
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 城市规划 城市规划
背景情况:
- 现场卫生对于可持续发展目标6.2至关重要,但在低收入地区手动排泄坑所会给健康和环境带来风险.
- 提高坑道清空服务的安全性增加了成本,需要降低成本以提高客户的负担能力.
- 基于集团的排空服务提供了提高效率和可负担性的潜力,但它们在手动排空中的应用需要进一步研究.
研究的目的:
- 在内罗毕的低收入社区,确定基于团体的手动排空服务的障碍和推动因素.
- 探索影响群体卫生服务的采用和有效性的因素.
主要方法:
- 在内罗毕的Korogocho非正式定居点与房东,租户和手工排空工进行了12次焦点小组讨论.
- 采访了来自肯尼亚相关部门的20名关键通报人.
- 分析了五个类别的障碍和推动因素:资金,专业知识/设备,社会/商业习惯,物理条件和监管系统.
主要成果:
- 确定了五类影响手动坑排空的障碍和推动因素.
- 影响基于群体的排空的具体因素包括:禁止在完全之前排空的规范,时间限制,价格透明度,需要组织者和运输能力.
- 障碍物表现出一个级联结构,表明相互连接.
结论:
- 解决诸如能力建设和政策认可等主要障碍对于手工排空者至关重要.
- 实施以小组为基础的方法需要克服社会规范和后勤挑战.
- 有效的策略可以带来更安全,更实惠的现场卫生服务.
相关概念视频
01:26Methods Of Healthcare Delivery System
At the different levels of the healthcare system, we see varying methods of healthcare used. These methods include managed care systems, case management, and primary healthcare.
Managed Care System:
The managed care system is designed to control the cost while maintaining the quality of care. The patient's care from admission to discharge is planned by the primary care provider or the case manager, also known as the gatekeeper. In a managed care system, the number of care providers is limited...
Managed Care System:
The managed care system is designed to control the cost while maintaining the quality of care. The patient's care from admission to discharge is planned by the primary care provider or the case manager, also known as the gatekeeper. In a managed care system, the number of care providers is limited...
01:30Specialized Care Centers and Settings-II
Rural Health Centers
Rural health centers are specialized care facilities in remote locations with very few medical personnel. The primary care providers who run the centers are mostly Registered Nurse Practitioners. Here, emergency treatment is provided to critically ill or injured patients before they are transferred to the closest hospital. Fortunately, due to advancement in technology, many rural healthcare facilities and professionals have easy access to diagnostic and treatment...
Rural health centers are specialized care facilities in remote locations with very few medical personnel. The primary care providers who run the centers are mostly Registered Nurse Practitioners. Here, emergency treatment is provided to critically ill or injured patients before they are transferred to the closest hospital. Fortunately, due to advancement in technology, many rural healthcare facilities and professionals have easy access to diagnostic and treatment...
01:22Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures
Essential infection prevention measures are based on the knowledge of the infection chain, the modes of transmission in healthcare settings, and the use of the best practices in all healthcare settings. Compulsory public reporting of healthcare-associated infection rates is needed to allow individuals and the community to make informed choices regarding selecting a healthcare facility.
The best practices for preventing healthcare-associated infections include hand hygiene, patient risk...
The best practices for preventing healthcare-associated infections include hand hygiene, patient risk...
01:18Handwashing I: Introduction and Types of Equipment
Handwashing is hand hygiene with plain or antimicrobial soap and water to physically remove dirt, organic material, and microorganisms. However, it may not kill all microorganisms. The handwashing procedure requires a hand wash basin, liquid soap, paper towels, a domestic waste bin, and disposable nail cleaner as optional equipment.
Hand wash basins in clinical areas should have faucets that can be turned on and off without using the hands; that is, they should be non-touch or lever-operated.
Hand wash basins in clinical areas should have faucets that can be turned on and off without using the hands; that is, they should be non-touch or lever-operated.
01:18Surface Membrane Barriers
The skin and mucous membranes serve as the primary line of defense against pathogens by providing both physical and chemical protection. These barriers are essential in preventing the entry and establishment of microbes, thereby maintaining the integrity of the host.
The outer layer of the skin, the epidermis, is a robust barrier comprising layers of closely packed keratinized cells. This dense arrangement prevents microbes from penetrating the body. The periodic shedding of epidermal cells...
The outer layer of the skin, the epidermis, is a robust barrier comprising layers of closely packed keratinized cells. This dense arrangement prevents microbes from penetrating the body. The periodic shedding of epidermal cells...