氨基酸-tRNA-蛋白L/F和R转移酶的结构和机制
Misti Cartwright1, Rajat Kumar Jha1, Aaron T Smith1
1Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21250 USA.
Journal of molecular biology
|May 17, 2025
概括
氨基酸-tRNA-蛋白转移酶 (aa-转移酶) 是一种酶,在蛋白质降解中起着关键作用. 最近的结构研究揭示了它们的机制,特别是真核细胞R转移酶 (ATE1s),指导着未来的治疗开发.
科学领域:
- 生物化学 生物化学
- 酶学 是一种酶学.
- 结构生物学 结构生物学
背景情况:
- 氨基酸-tRNA-蛋白转移酶 (aa-转移酶) 使用保存的GNAT折叠用于从tRNA转化后的氨基酸转移到蛋白质.
- 关键的子类包括 prokaryotic L/F-转移酶和eukaryotic R-转移酶 (ATE1s),两者都涉及蛋白质降解途径.
- 虽然L/F转基因酶针对Clp蛋白质解的蛋白质,但R转基因酶 (ATE1s) 与全域蛋白酶系统 (UPS) 和其他细胞命运相互作用.
研究的目的:
- 审查L/F和R转移酶 (ATE1s) 的功能意义.
- 要突出最近的结构进步,专注于真核细胞R转移酶 (ATE1s).
- 根据当前的结构数据,综合拟议的催化和监管机制,并确定知识差距.
主要方法:
- 对有关aa转移酶功能和结构的现有文献的审查.
- 对最近的X射线结晶学和冷电子显微镜 (cryo-EM) 研究的分析.
- 整合结构发现,提出机械模型.
主要成果:
- 强调了L/F-和R-转移酶 (ATE1s) 在细胞过程中的功能重要性,特别是蛋白质降解.
- 最近的结构研究为aa转移酶的机制提供了新的见解.
- 基于结构数据,提出了针对R转移酶 (ATE1s) 的催化和调节机制.
结论:
- 在了解aa转移酶的结构和机制方面取得了重大进展,特别是对于R转移酶 (ATE1s).
- 需要进一步的研究来解决结构性和机制性的知识差距.
- 了解这些酶对于开发未来的治疗策略至关重要.
相关概念视频
tRNA Activation
18.7K
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are present in both eukaryotes and bacteria. Though eukaryotes have 20 different aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases to couple to 20 amino acids, many bacteria do not have genes for all of these aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. Despite this, they still use all 20 amino acids to synthesize their proteins. For instance, some bacteria do not have the gene encoding the enzyme that couples glutamine with its partner tRNA. In these organisms, one enzyme adds glutamic acid to all of the...
18.7K
RNA Structure
4.6K
The basic structure of RNA consists of a string of ribonucleotides attached by phosphodiester bonds. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA) involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three...
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA) involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three...
4.6K
Transfer RNA Synthesis
11.8K
One of the unique features of tRNA is the presence of modified bases. In some tRNAs, modified bases account for nearly 20% of the total bases in the molecule. Altogether, these unusual bases protect the tRNA from enzymatic degradation by RNases.
Each of these chemical modifications is carried by a specific enzyme, post-transcription. All of these enzymes have unique base and site-specificity. Methylation, the most common chemical modification, is carried by at least nine different enzymes, with...
Each of these chemical modifications is carried by a specific enzyme, post-transcription. All of these enzymes have unique base and site-specificity. Methylation, the most common chemical modification, is carried by at least nine different enzymes, with...
11.8K
Nucleic Acids
43.2K
Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and carry instructions for its functioning.
DNA and RNA
The two main types of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). DNA is the genetic material in all living organisms, ranging from single-celled bacteria to multicellular mammals. It is in the nucleus of eukaryotes and in the organelles, chloroplasts, and mitochondria. In prokaryotes,...
DNA and RNA
The two main types of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). DNA is the genetic material in all living organisms, ranging from single-celled bacteria to multicellular mammals. It is in the nucleus of eukaryotes and in the organelles, chloroplasts, and mitochondria. In prokaryotes,...
43.2K
Nucleic acids
157.6K
Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and carry instructions for its functioning.
DNA and RNA
The two main types of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). DNA is the genetic material in all living organisms, ranging from single-celled bacteria to multicellular mammals. It is in the nucleus of eukaryotes and in the organelles, chloroplasts, and mitochondria. In prokaryotes,...
DNA and RNA
The two main types of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). DNA is the genetic material in all living organisms, ranging from single-celled bacteria to multicellular mammals. It is in the nucleus of eukaryotes and in the organelles, chloroplasts, and mitochondria. In prokaryotes,...
157.6K
Mechanical Protein Functions
4.9K
Proteins perform many mechanical functions in a cell. These proteins can be classified into two general categories- proteins that generate mechanical forces and proteins that are subjected to mechanical forces. Proteins providing mechanical support to the structure of the cell, such as keratin, are subjected to mechanical force, whereas proteins involved in cell movement and transport of molecules across cell membranes, such as an ion pump, are examples of generating mechanical force.
4.9K


