通过采用低碳生活方式,释放全球碳减排潜力
Yuru Guan1,2, Yuli Shan3,4, Ye Hang2
1Integrated Research on Energy, Environment and Society (IREES), Energy and Sustainability Research Institute Groningen (ESRIG), University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
Nature communications
|May 17, 2025
概括
采用低碳生活方式可以显著减少全球碳足迹. 在顶级排放国中改变消费模式可以大幅减少温室气体排放,尽管生活方式的改变可能会部分抵消节约.
科学领域:
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 气候变化经济学 气候变化经济学
- 可持续的消费可持续的消费
背景情况:
- 全球气候目标需要需求侧解决方案,但消费者驱动的减排潜力尚未得到充分研究.
- 了解家庭消费对温室气体排放的影响对于有效的减缓气候变化战略至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 量化通过21个特定的低碳支出来减少温室气体 (GHG) 排放的潜力.
- 分析针对高排放家庭对全球碳足迹的影响.
主要方法:
- 使用全球多区域输入-输出模型,与详细的家庭支出数据集成.
- 来自直接能源使用,家庭消费和上游工业投入的量化排放,用于目标家庭.
- 在全球排放量最高的23.7%中,模拟了实施低碳支出所带来的潜在碳节约.
主要成果:
- 最大的排放国实施低碳支出可以使全球碳足迹每年减少10.4千兆CO2e (占全球总量的31.7%).
- 移动和服务部门消费变化是关键驱动因素,对减排做出了重大贡献.
- 在北美存在显著的减排潜力,在一些撒哈拉以南非洲国家存在意想不到的可能性.
- 显著的反弹效应,从6.5%到45.8%不等,抵消了由于再支出收入而导致的潜在碳节约.
结论:
- 高排放国中低碳消费模式为实现气候目标提供了实质性的途径.
- 政策干预应考虑反弹效应,以最大限度地提高生活方式驱动的碳减排的有效性.
- 针对性气候行动需要进一步研究区域差异和特定消费行为.
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