在接受B细胞枯竭治疗的多发性硬化患者中,对COVID-19疫苗的持久T细胞免疫力
Julia Davis-Porada1,2, Ceren Tozlu3, Claudia Aiello1,2
1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
NPJ vaccines
|May 17, 2025
概括
COVID-19 mRNA疫苗诱导免疫保护,但B细胞枯竭 (BCD) 疗法减少抗体. 对T细胞的反应仍然很强,提供了与COVID-19相似的临床保护,突出了T细胞免疫的重要性.
科学领域:
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 疫苗学 疫苗学 疫苗学
- 神经学 神经学
背景情况:
- COVID-19 mRNA 疫苗主要通过抗Spike (S) 蛋白抗体产生免疫保护.
- 用于诸如多发性硬化症 (MS) 等自身免疫性疾病的B细胞耗尽 (BCD) 疗法,可以损害幽默免疫力.
- BCD疗法对疫苗诱导免疫力的持久性和有效性的影响需要进一步研究.
研究的目的:
- 评估BCD疗法在COVID-19 mRNA疫苗接种后对S反应性抗体和T细胞反应的长期影响.
- 为了比较接种BCD与非BCD疗法的MS患者的疫苗诱导免疫反应.
- 确定T细胞介导免疫在抗病毒保护中的作用,独立于抗体水平.
主要方法:
- 在接种疫苗后1至70周内对S反应性抗体和T细胞反应 (CD4+和CD8+) 的评估.
- 通过四个中心的BCD和非BCD疗法治疗的MS队列之间的免疫指标的比较.
- 对与不同BCD配方相关的免疫反应变化的分析.
主要成果:
- 与非BCD组相比,接受BCD治疗的参与者表现出明显较低的S-反应性抗体水平.
- 在接种疫苗后接受BCD治疗的个体中观察到S-反应性CD4+和CD8+记忆T细胞的增强频率.
- 在这两组中,T细胞记忆反应持续长达14个月,具有与COVID-19相比较的临床保护.
结论:
- 通过T细胞介导的免疫在抗病毒保护中起着至关重要的作用,独立于 humoral (抗体) 免疫.
- COVID-19 mRNA疫苗诱导的T细胞记忆是持久的,即使在BCD疗法的存在下,也提供临床保护.
- 这些发现强调了细胞免疫在疫苗疗效方面的重要性,特别是在接受免疫抑制治疗的患者中.
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