饮食干预对抑郁和焦虑的中长期影响:系统性审查和元分析
Eman Abukmail1, Neeraj Koloth Pradeep2, Samantha Ahmed1
1Institute for Evidence Based Healthcare and Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia (E.A., S.A., L.A.).
Annals of internal medicine
|May 19, 2025
概括
像卡路里限制这样的饮食干预措施可能会在患有高心脏代谢风险的成年人中略有改善抑郁症. 然而,其他饮食和焦虑的证据有限,确定性低.
科学领域:
- 营养精神病学 营养精神病学
- 临床心理学 临床心理学
- 心脏代谢健康状况
背景情况:
- 饮食干预表明作为抑郁症和焦虑症的补充治疗方法有希望.
- 了解特定饮食方法的有效性对于临床实践至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 系统地评估饮食干预措施对抑郁和焦虑症状的影响.
- 综合来自随机对照试验 (RCT) 关于饮食影响的证据.
主要方法:
- 在主要数据库 (PubMed,Cochrane,EMBASE,CINAHL,PsycINFO) 进行全面的文献搜索,直到2024年12月.
- 纳入25个RCT,比较饮食建议 (有或没有食物) 与至少3个月的对照组.
- 独立审稿人的数据提取和偏差风险评估,其次是随机效应的元分析.
主要成果:
- 卡路里限制在患有心脏代谢风险升高的成年人中显示出抑郁症状的潜在小改善 (SMD: -0.23;低确定性).
- 低脂肪饮食也表明这种人群中抑郁症状的影响很小 (SMD: -0.03;低确定性).
- 其他饮食干预措施的证据,与活性治疗方法的比较,以及对焦虑的影响是有限的,这是由于异质性和研究质量.
结论:
- 卡路里限制和低脂肪饮食可能在患有心脏代谢风险较高的成年人中对抑郁症状提供适度的好处.
- 证据的确定性很低,因此应谨慎解释调查结果.
- 需要进一步的研究来澄清各种饮食对抑郁和焦虑的影响,特别是与积极干预相比.
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