味道的生理和生化机制在增长阶段在加热下降低高品味的日本大米
1Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin, 132101, China.
Scientific reports
|May 19, 2025
概括
气候变暖对日本大米的味道质量产生了负面影响,尤其是在整个生长和谷物填充阶段. 在加热下增加的代谢会通过降低氨酸和增加蛋白质含量来降低味道.
科学领域:
- 农业科学 农业科学
- 植物生理学 植物生理学
- 食品科学 食品科学 食品科学
背景情况:
- 日本米是一种主要作物,因为它的味道而受到重视.
- 凉爽的地区正在经历气候变暖,这可能会影响大米的质量.
- 了解大米对变暖的味道反应对于粮食安全至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究模拟气候变暖对日本大米的味道质量的影响.
- 为了识别对变暖敏感的关键生长阶段,以改变口味.
- 阐明影响加热下味道质量的潜在生化机制.
主要方法:
- 在两年内,在六个不同的水生长阶段应用了田间加热处理.
- 磨米味道价值的分析,包括与物理化学性质的相关性.
- 生物化学试验用于评估碳和代谢,酶活性 (GOT,GPT,AGPP,SSS,SBE,DBE,GBSS) 以及粉,氨酸,氨酸和蛋白质含量.
主要成果:
- 加热处理对大米的味道价值产生了负面影响,在整个生长阶段 (T2) 和谷物填充阶段 (T3) 观察到的影响最为显著.
- 味觉值与粉素,总粉,峰值粘度 (PV) 和分解 (BD) 有正相关;与蛋白质,粉素,热粘粘度 (HPV) 和逆转 (SB) 有负相关.
- 变暖增加了代谢,导致蛋白质含量更高,氨酸含量更低,从而降低了味道质量.
结论:
- 气候变暖对凉爽地区的日本大米的味道质量构成重大威胁.
- 谷物填充和整个生长阶段特别容易受到变暖引起的味道退化.
- 改变的碳和代谢,特别是增加的蛋白质和减少的氨基素,在变暖条件下是减少大米味道的关键驱动因素.
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