较高的特征工作记忆能力可能有利于在种族相关的刻板印象威胁下标准化测试表现
LaTasha R Holden1,2, Kerri A Goodwin3, Andrew R A Conway4
1Department of Psychology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, 61820, USA. lrholden@illinois.edu.
Memory & cognition
|May 19, 2025
概括
刻板印象威胁 (ST) 可以影响标准化测试性能. 对于黑人学生来说,更高的工作记忆能力 (WMC) 可能会减轻种族/民族ST对研究生记录考试 (GRE) 成绩的负面影响.
科学领域:
- 心理学 心理学 心理学
- 社会心理学 社会心理学
- 教育心理学教育心理学
背景情况:
- 刻板印象威胁 (ST) 是一种现象,由于暴露于负面刻板印象,个人表现不佳.
- ST可以增加焦虑和精神分心,对认知表现产生负面影响.
- 种族/民族ST在学术环境中是一个重大问题,特别是在标准化测试中.
研究的目的:
- 调查种族/民族刻板印象威胁对标准化测试绩效的影响.
- 检查工作记忆能力 (WMC) 在种族/族裔ST中的调解和调节作用.
- 探索这些影响在研究生记录考试 (GRE) 的口头和定量推理部分.
主要方法:
- 两项实验对包括黑人和白人学生在内的参与者进行了实验.
- 参与者在旨在诱导或不诱导刻板印象威胁的条件下完成了标准化测试.
- 工作记忆能力 (WMC) 被测量为ST效应的潜在调解者或调节者.
主要成果:
- 对于ST而言,经典的Race × Condition相互作用没有得到强烈的支持.
- 有证据表明,对于黑人学生来说,更高的特征WMC适度种族/民族ST.
- 在ST条件下,更高的WMC与黑人学生的GRE表现更好有关.
结论:
- 更高的WMC对黑人学生来说似乎至关重要,在面对种族/种族ST时保持性和表现.
- 需要对ST研究中的多样性,统计能力和复制进行进一步的研究.
- 调查正念和自我调节等保护因素可以提高对WMC和ST下的标准化测试表现的理解.
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