Tomás Elvira1, Tim Sparks2, Julien Guevar3

  • 1Anderson Moores Veterinary Specialists, Part of Linnaeus Veterinary Limited, Hursley, UK.

概括

头部退出是狗和猫对鼻腔刺激最常见的反应. 嘴唇和惊反应也表明物的神经功能正常.