儿童最大可训练能力缺陷:定量分析和定性假设
1Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada. rdotan@brocku.ca.
European journal of applied physiology
|May 20, 2025
概括
与成年人相比,儿童对有氧训练的反应较低. 高强度训练对儿童更有效,但仍然比成年人少,这表明神经肌肉激活和肌肉组成的差异.
科学领域:
- 运动生理学 运动生理学
- 儿科 体育科学 儿童体育科学
- 人类表现的人类表现.
背景情况:
- 儿童的最大有氧功率 (VO2max/峰值) 训练反应被认为低于成年人.
- 之前关于这个缺陷的假设并没有完全解释观察到的现象.
- 缺乏一个全面的数据库来量化儿童的训练能力.
研究的目的:
- 创建和分析大量关于儿童和成人有氧训练反应的文献数据库.
- 制定一个解释儿童训练能力缺陷的假设.
- 确定年龄组之间的培训反应差异的根本原因.
主要方法:
- 来自650项培训研究的数据,包括1046个队列 (222名儿童,824名成年人).
- 提取的变量:队列大小,年龄,训练前VO2max/峰值,训练强度/持续时间,测试方式和训练反应.
- 儿科和成人队伍之间的训练反应比较.
主要成果:
- 儿童的VO2max总体训练反应为成人58% (p < 0.000001).
- 高强度训练在儿童中效率提高了25% (p = 0.041),但在成年人中却没有效果.
- 即使是高强度训练在儿童中也只有67%的效果和成年人一样有效 (p < 0.00001).
结论:
- 与成年人相比,儿童的最大有氧功率训练能力明显较低.
- 高强度运动对儿童的有氧训练反应有相对的好处.
- 神经肌肉激活和肌肉组成的差异被认为是解释观察到的儿童和成人差异的关键因素.
相关概念视频
Adler's Individual Psychology
420
Alfred Adler, a prominent figure in psychology, founded the school of individual psychology. In contrast to Freud's emphasis on sexual or aggressive motives, Adler suggested that individuals are primarily motivated by their purposes and goals. He believed that people strive for perfection rather than pleasure. Adler argued that individuals could creatively act upon their genetic inheritance and environmental experiences to shape their own lives, emphasizing conscious motivation over...
420
Parental Care
11.4K
Many animals exhibit parental care behavior, including feeding, grooming, and protecting young offspring. Parental care is universal in mammals and birds, which often have young that are born relatively helpless. Several species of insects and fish, as well as some amphibians, also care for their young.
11.4K
Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development from Childhood into Adulthood
57
Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development emphasizes the role of thinking in a child's learning process, suggesting that children are naturally curious about their environment. His approach to development is discontinuous, proposing that cognitive abilities progress through distinct stages, each with unique characteristics. Central to Piaget's theory is schemata—mental structures that allow individuals to understand and interpret the world.
Schemata: Building Blocks of...
Schemata: Building Blocks of...
57
Piaget's Stage 3 of Cognitive Development
524
During Piaget's concrete operational stage, from ages 7 to 11, children exhibit a marked increase in logical thinking skills, specifically in relation to tangible, real-world events. This stage is characterized by the development of several essential cognitive concepts, including conservation, reversibility, and classification, all of which support the child's evolving capacity for structured thought.
Conservation and Constancy of Quantity
A significant cognitive milestone in the...
Conservation and Constancy of Quantity
A significant cognitive milestone in the...
524
Adult Stem Cells
27.8K
Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce more stem cells or progenitor cells that differentiate into mature, specialized cell types. All the cells in the body are generated from stem cells in the early embryo, but small populations of stem cells are also present in many adult tissues including the bone marrow, brain, skin, and gut. These adult stem cells typically produce the various cell types found in that tissue—to replace cells that are damaged or to continuously...
27.8K
Kidney Structure
68.3K
The kidneys are two large bean-shaped organs located in the upper abdomen. They filter the blood several times a day to remove toxins and rebalance water and electrolytes of the circulatory system via the renal veins. The kidneys receive blood directly from the heart via the renal arteries. These arteries enter the kidney at the hilum, the concave surface of the bean, where they branch and divide into smaller vessels and capillaries.
68.3K


