在Caspase-16的进化过程中,Caspase域重复发生
Leopold Eckhart1, Attila Placido Sachslehner2, Julia Steinbinder2
1Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria. leopold.eckhart@meduniwien.ac.at.
Journal of molecular evolution
|May 20, 2025
概括
卡斯帕-16 (CASP16) 的演化揭示了其古代哺乳动物起源和独特的域结构. 人类中CASP16的伪基化使它们与灵长类动物区别开来,突出显示了caspase功能的进化分歧.
科学领域:
- 分子生物学分子生物学
- 进化生物学是进化的生物学.
- 生物化学 生化学
背景情况:
- 卡斯帕酶是编程细胞死亡和炎症中的关键蛋白酶.
- 它们的功能依赖于特定蛋白质折叠中的催化二.
- 卡斯帕酶-16 (CASP16) 是一个神秘的卡斯帕酶家族成员,之前的表征有限.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究caspase-16 (CASP16) 的进化史.
- 了解哺乳动物血统中CASP16的结构和功能演变.
- 为了确定导致人类CASP16伪基化的进化事件.
主要方法:
- 在哺乳动物物种中对CASP16正义的比较序列分析.
- 遗传学分析以确定CASP16.6的起源和分歧.
- 在人类和灵长类动物中识别基因结构和潜在突变 CASP16.16.
主要成果:
- 在胎盘哺乳动物, marsupials 和 monotremes 中存在 CASP16 的正方体,表明其起源早于主要哺乳动物分类的分歧.
- CASP16具有独特的结构,具有碳氧终端的酶域和类似酶域的氨基终端原域.
- CASP16原域是通过外因子重复进化的,催化活性在N端域中丢失,在C端域中保留.
- 由于框架转移突变,小鼠和人类的CASP16是伪基因 (CASP16P).
- 黑猩猩的CASP16和其他灵长类的CASP16基因保留完整的编码序列.
结论:
- 卡斯帕-16表现出独特的结构组织,与其他哺乳动物卡斯帕不同.
- 人类中CASP16的伪基化代表了与密切相关的灵长类动物的显著进化差异.
- 了解CASP16的演变,可以揭示哺乳动物中酶功能的多样化.
相关概念视频
Caspases
11.7K
Caspase, a family of cysteine proteases, serve as effectors in apoptosis. The ced3 gene in C.elegans was first identified to be involved in apoptosis. This gene encodes the ced-3 caspase that is similar to the interleukin-1-beta converting enzyme or ICE in mammals. In addition to apoptosis, caspases also function in the inflammatory response. Inflammatory caspases are essential in activating pro-inflammatory cytokines that recruit immune cells and block the replication of pathogens inside...
11.7K
Gene Duplication and Divergence
6.0K
The seminal work of Ohno in 1970 popularized the idea of gene duplication and divergence. DNA sequence comparison studies reveal that a large portion of the genes in bacteria, archaebacteria, and eukaryotes was generated by gene duplication and divergence, indicating its critical role in evolution.
The duplicated copies of the gene are called Paralogs. Paralogs with similar sequences and functions form a gene family. Across several species, a large number of gene families are...
The duplicated copies of the gene are called Paralogs. Paralogs with similar sequences and functions form a gene family. Across several species, a large number of gene families are...
6.0K
Conservation of Protein Domains Over Different Proteins
10.7K
Protein domains are small structurally independent units that are part of a single amino acid chain. Although these domains are often structurally independent, they may rely on synergistic effects to perform their functions as part of a larger protein. Protein domains may be conserved within the same organism, as well as across different organisms.
A limited set of protein domains often duplicate and recombine during evolution. These domains can be organized in different combinations to...
A limited set of protein domains often duplicate and recombine during evolution. These domains can be organized in different combinations to...
10.7K
CRISPR and crRNAs
16.4K
Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
The CRISPR-Cas system stores a copy of foreign DNA in the host genome and uses it to identify the foreign DNA upon reinfection. CRISPR-Cas has three different...
The CRISPR-Cas system stores a copy of foreign DNA in the host genome and uses it to identify the foreign DNA upon reinfection. CRISPR-Cas has three different...
16.4K
Conservation of Protein Domains
3.0K
3.0K
The Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway
5.7K
The extrinsic apoptotic pathway is initiated when extracellular death-inducing signals, such as specific cytokines, activate the death receptors expressed on the cell surface. The immune cells involved in this pathway are natural killer cells (NK cells) and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. NK cells are critical in innate immune response, while cytotoxic T-lymphocytes are associated with adaptive immune response. These cells recognize specific receptors expressed on the altered cells and activate...
5.7K


