应对热量:使用3D打印热模型评估北极海鸟的热应力
Fred Tremblay1, Emily S Choy2, David A Fifield3
1Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Canada.
概括
北极海鸟因快速变暖而面临严重的热压力. 生物物理模型显示,厚嘴在61%的繁殖日中经历了热应激,每天在水中失去大量的体重.
科学领域:
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 动物学 动物学
- 气候变化生物学 气候变化生物学
背景情况:
- 北极地区的变暖速度是全球平均水平的四倍.
- 北极动物,特别是海鸟,由于有限的散热能力,容易受到直接的热应激.
- 以前的研究主要集中在气候变化的间接影响上,忽视了直接的热影响.
研究的目的:
- 开发和验证用于评估北极海鸟热应激的生物物理模型.
- 为了量化厚嘴 (Uria lomvia) 在繁殖季节经历的操作温度.
- 估计热应激对这些鸟类的生理影响,包括蒸发性水损失.
主要方法:
- 开发并验证了3D打印的绘制模型与传统的羽毛覆盖模型进行对比,以进行操作温度估计.
- 在加拿大努纳武特省的科茨岛部署了生物物理模型,以记录厚嘴的操作温度.
- 利用已建立的方程,根据工作温度和估计的每日体重损失计算蒸发性水损失 (EWL).
主要成果:
- 3D打印模型的性能与传统模型相美.
- 默尔的操作温度在5.5°C至46.5°C之间,明显超过环境温度 (3.4-24.7°C).
- 在61%的繁殖日内,厚嘴鼠经历了热应激,估计每天的水损失为体质的3.79%至4.61%.
结论:
- 北极海鸟,就像粗嘴,在繁殖季节因热应激而面临相当大的生理挑战.
- 生物物理模型是有效的非侵入性工具,用于研究气候变化和热压对野生动物的直接影响.
- 调查结果强调,迫切需要在北极动物保护战略中考虑直接的热效应.
相关概念视频
02:45Responses to Heat and Cold Stress
Every organism has an optimum temperature range within which healthy growth and physiological functioning can occur. At the ends of this range, there will be a minimum and maximum temperature that interrupt biological processes.
01:14Assessing Body Temperature - Axilla
Procedural Guide for Assessing Axillary Body Temperature using a Digital Thermometer:
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene and put on clean gloves to maintain infection control and prevent cross-contamination.
Step 2: Prepare the patient by explaining the procedure to ensure understanding and cooperation. Ensure privacy, expose the axilla, and inform the patient that minimal movement is crucial for an accurate reading.
Step 3: Adjust the patient’s clothing to expose only the axilla. It minimizes...
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene and put on clean gloves to maintain infection control and prevent cross-contamination.
Step 2: Prepare the patient by explaining the procedure to ensure understanding and cooperation. Ensure privacy, expose the axilla, and inform the patient that minimal movement is crucial for an accurate reading.
Step 3: Adjust the patient’s clothing to expose only the axilla. It minimizes...
01:19Assessing Body Temperature - Temporal Artery
Here is a stepwise guide to assessing the body temperature at the temporal artery using a temporal artery thermometer
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene and don a fresh pair of gloves to prevent cross-infection and ensure patient safety.
Step 2: Explain the procedure to the patient to establish trust. Clear communication establishes trust with the patient, ensures they understand what to expect, promotes cooperation, and enhances comfort during the procedure.
Step 3: Assess the patient's forehead...
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene and don a fresh pair of gloves to prevent cross-infection and ensure patient safety.
Step 2: Explain the procedure to the patient to establish trust. Clear communication establishes trust with the patient, ensures they understand what to expect, promotes cooperation, and enhances comfort during the procedure.
Step 3: Assess the patient's forehead...
01:09Thermal Stress
If the temperature of an object is changed while it is prevented from expanding or contracting, the object is subjected to stress. The stress is compressive if the object expands in the absence of constraint and tensile if it contracts. This stress resulting from temperature change is known as thermal stress. It can be quite large and can cause damage. To avoid this stress, engineers may design components so they can expand and contract freely. For instance, on highways, gaps are deliberately...
01:27Thermal expansion and Thermal stress: Problem Solving
San Francisco's Golden Gate Bridge is exposed to temperatures ranging from -15 °C to 40 °C. At its coldest, the main span of the bridge is 1275 m long. Assuming that the bridge is made entirely of steel, what is the change in its length between these temperatures?
To solve the problem, first, identify the known and unknown quantities. The initial length (L) of the bridge is 1275 m, the coefficient of linear expansion (α) for steel is 12 x 10-6/°C, and the change in temperature (ΔT) is 55 °C.
To solve the problem, first, identify the known and unknown quantities. The initial length (L) of the bridge is 1275 m, the coefficient of linear expansion (α) for steel is 12 x 10-6/°C, and the change in temperature (ΔT) is 55 °C.
01:26Thermoregulation
The human body has a sophisticated thermoregulation system that employs negative feedback mechanisms to maintain an optimal core temperature. When the core temperature drops, peripheral and central thermoreceptors send signals to the hypothalamus, activating the heat-promoting center. This center triggers several responses aimed at increasing the core temperature. First, vasoconstriction reduces the flow of warm blood from internal organs to the skin so that the heat is not lost from the skin,...