人工智能在临床实践中的利用:对中国经验的系统审查
Yihan Qi1, Emma Mohamad1,2, Arina Anis Azlan1,2
1Centre for Research in Media and Communication, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia.
Digital health
|May 21, 2025
概括
医疗保健中的人工智能 (AI) 显示出改善诊断和效率的希望,但实施面临障碍. 基于证据的评估对于成功将人工智能工具集成到临床实践中至关重要.
科学领域:
- 医疗信息学 医疗信息学
- 人工智能的临床应用.
- 医疗保健服务研究 医疗服务研究
背景情况:
- 人工智能 (AI) 正在越来越多地影响诊断和治疗规划等临床应用.
- 尽管人工智能取得了进展,但其与临床工作流程的整合,特别是在大群体中,仍然有限.
- 仔细,以证据为基础的评估对于在医疗保健中负责任地实施AI至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 综合现有关于AI在临床实践中的利用证据.
- 确定影响医疗保健环境中人工智能采用的关键促进者和障碍.
- 为有效的AI实施提供上下文相关的建议.
主要方法:
- 按照PRISMA指南进行了系统审查,搜索主要数据库 (科学网,Scopus,PubMed).
- 使用JBI和NOS工具进行了偏差评估.
- 数据提取包括研究设计,人口,人工智能技术,应用,临床问题和结果,使用NASSS框架进行组织.
主要成果:
- 包括28项研究,主要是横截面的,机器学习 (ML) 是最常见的AI技术.
- 人工智能结果专注于应用性能,临床疗效和患者在各种情况下的结果,如传染病和成像.
- 促进者包括感知到的效率和准确性,而障碍则涉及道德问题,用户接受,技术复杂性和信任.
结论:
- 临床实践中的AI为提高诊断准确性,工作流效率,患者参与度和成本效益提供了显著的潜力.
- 人工智能辅助的方法表现得与传统方法相当或超过.
- 提出了基于背景的建议,以促进人工智能集成和克服已识别的障碍,未来的研究重点是长期影响.
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