疫苗用于预防成人患有血液性恶性瘤的感染
Ana-Mihaela Zorger1, Caroline Hirsch1, Mandy Baumann1
1Cochrane Evidence Synthesis Unit Germany/UK, Cochrane Haematology, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
针对患有血液性恶性瘤的免疫功能低下成年人的疫苗的证据有限. 疹疫苗可能会降低感染风险,但COVID-19和流感疫苗数据不确定,需要更多的研究.
科学领域:
- 免疫学和传染病的研究
- 血液学 血液学 血液学
- 疫苗学 疫苗学 疫苗学
背景情况:
- 患有血液性恶性瘤的个人经历了严重的免疫抑制,增加了感染的脆弱性.
- 疫苗接种对于预防免疫受损人群感染至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查和评估疫苗的益处和风险,以预防成年人患有血液性恶性瘤的感染.
- 评估疫苗在感染发病率,死亡率,生活质量和不良事件方面的疗效和安全性.
主要方法:
- 在多个数据库 (CENTRAL,MEDLINE,Embase,LILACS,Web of Science) 中进行全面的系统搜索,以查找随机对照试验 (RCT) 和受控的非随机干预研究 (NRSI).
- 纳入标准侧重于成年人患有血液性恶性瘤 (不包括细胞疗法) 的优先临床结果.
- 偏差风险使用可克兰偏差风险2工具 (RoB2) 评估RCT和ROBINS-I用于NRSIs.
主要成果:
- 包括六项研究 (四项RCT,两项受控NRSI). 疹疫苗可能会减少发病率 (低确定性证据),但会增加短期不良事件 (高确定性证据).
- 疹疫苗在28天内对所有原因的死亡率几乎没有影响 (中度确定性证据),并且在12个月内没有增加严重不良事件 (中度确定性证据).
- 由于有限的研究和低确定性证据,COVID-19和流感疫苗的证据仍然非常不确定;对于其他疫苗可预防的疾病,没有发现研究.
结论:
- 成年人血液恶性瘤疫苗的证据基础有限且不确定,特别是COVID-19和流感疫苗.
- 迫切需要高质量的RCT和NRSI,具有强大的报告,更大的样本大小,更长的随访时间,并专注于与患者相关的结果.
- 持续更新的证据基础对于指导临床和公共卫生决策对这一脆弱人群的疫苗接种至关重要.
更多相关视频
08:04Development of an IFN-γ ELISpot Assay to Assess Varicella-Zoster Virus-specific Cell-mediated Immunity Following Umbilical Cord Blood Transplantation
Published on: July 9, 2014
12:42Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo
Published on: January 7, 2019
相关概念视频
Cancer Vaccines
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
Vaccinations
Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures
The best practices for preventing healthcare-associated infections include hand hygiene, patient risk...
Transmission-based Precautions II: Airborne and Protective Environment
Airborne precautions:
Use airborne precautions when treating patients known or suspected to have diseases that spread through the air—for example, tuberculosis or measles. These organisms are present in smaller droplets expelled by an infected person and...
Bone Marrow Sampling and Transplants
The transplant begins with high doses of chemotherapy and radiation treatment, which aim to destroy...
Tumor Immunotherapy
