在青春期早期暴露于空气污染,前额连接和情绪行为
M M Herting1, E Burnor1, H Ahmadi1
1University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Research report (Health Effects Institute)
|May 21, 2025
概括
青少年接触细颗粒物 (PM2.5$) 和二氧化 (NO2$) 与大脑白质结构的改变有关. 然而,这种空气污染暴露并没有增加9-11岁儿童的情绪问题.
科学领域:
- 环境健康 环境健康
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 儿童发展 儿童发展
背景情况:
- 新出现的证据将环境空气污染与大脑发育和心理健康问题联系起来.
- 人们对空气污染在青春期的影响知之甚少,青春期是一个关键的神经发育时期.
- 这项研究调查了在青春期早期暴露于细颗粒物 (PM2.5$) 和二氧化 (NO2$) 的影响.
研究的目的:
- 为了检查9-10岁时1年暴露在PM$_{2.5}$和NO$_{2}$和前额前白质连接之间的关联.
- 评估这种暴露与情绪健康问题之间的关系,同时和1年后.
- 测试白质连接是否介导空气污染暴露与情绪健康结果之间的联系.
主要方法:
- 在青少年大脑认知发展研究中利用了7,546名参与者的数据 (年龄为9-10岁).
- 基于住宅地址的时空模型使用的估计一年平均PM$_{2.5}$和NO$_{2}$暴露.
- 通过扩散张力成像 (DTI) 评估白质微观结构,通过护理人员报告 (CBCL) 评估情绪行为.
主要成果:
- 年度PM$_{2.5}$暴露与白质微观结构的改变有显著的关联,包括关键前额段的分数异构 (FA) 和平均扩散率 (MD).
- 年度NO$_{2}$暴露在特定的白质谱中显示了与FA显著的负线性关联.
- 虽然在空气污染暴露和随访时略有减少情绪问题之间发现了一些统计学意义上的关联,但效应大小表明临床重要性有限.
结论:
- 青春期早期的白质微观结构与每年暴露在PM$_{2.5}$和NO$_{2}$中具有独特的关联.
- 与假设相反,低于美国国家标准的空气污染暴露与增加的情绪问题无关.
- 研究结果表明,在低暴露水平下,空气污染可能产生神经毒性影响,这需要在空气质量标准评估中加以考虑.
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