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相关概念视频

Refrigerators and Heat Pumps01:07

Refrigerators and Heat Pumps

2.2K
Refrigerators or heat pumps are heat engines operating in a reverse direction. For a refrigerator, the focus is on removing heat from a specific area, whereas, for a heat pump, the focus is on dumping heat into one particular area. A refrigerator (or heat pump) absorbs heat Qc from the cold reservoir at Kelvin temperature Tc and discards heat Qh to the hot reservoir at Kelvin temperature Th, while work W is done on the engine’s working substance.
A household refrigerator removes heat from...
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The Carnot Cycle and the Second Law of Thermodynamics01:20

The Carnot Cycle and the Second Law of Thermodynamics

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The Carnot engine works between two heat reservoirs of fixed temperatures. The Carnot cycle begs the following question: Is it possible to devise a heat engine that is more efficient than a Carnot engine between two fixed temperatures? The answer lies in designing a Carnot refrigerator.
Since the individual steps in a Carnot cycle can be reversed, the entire cycle is, thus, reversible. If a Carnot cycle is reversed, it becomes a Carnot refrigerator. It extracts heat Qc from a cold reservoir at...
2.5K

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相关实验视频

Updated: May 23, 2025

Author Spotlight: Advancements in High-Performance Thermoelectric Thin Films Through Radio Frequency Magnetron Sputtering
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纳米工程薄膜热电材料使实用固态制冷成为可能.

Jake Ballard1, Matthew Hubbard1, Sung-Jin Jung2

  • 1Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (JHUAPL), Laurel, MD, USA.

Nature communications
|May 21, 2025
PubMed
概括

现在使用新型薄膜热电材料实现了固态制冷. 这些先进的材料为冷却应用提供了显著提高的效率和减少的材料使用.

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相关实验视频

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科学领域:

  • 材料科学 材料科学 材料科学
  • 热力学是一种热力学.
  • 固态物理 固态物理

背景情况:

  • 全球对制冷的需求正在上升,需要替代传统蒸汽压缩系统.
  • 现有的热电冷却技术在可扩展性和效率方面存在局限性.

研究的目的:

  • 用纳米工程热电材料演示实用的固态制冷.
  • 与散装设备相比,评估薄膜热电模块的性能.

主要方法:

  • 制造纳米工程,层次结构超晶格薄膜热电材料.
  • 在材料,模块和系统层面对热电功率 (ZT) 的表征.
  • 对薄膜热电制冷系统的性能系数 (COP) 的评估.

主要成果:

  • 实现了热电材料的优点数字 (ZT),比传统散装材料优于100%,接近300K.
  • 模块级ZT超过75%,系统级制冷ZT比散装设备高70%.
  • 薄膜模块表现出比散装设备高100-300%的COP,系统级COP为~15对于1.3°C的温度差异.

结论:

  • 纳米工程薄膜热电材料使高效固态制冷的新时代成为可能.
  • 可扩展的微电子制造允许大大降低材料使用量 (1/1000).
  • 这些进展对于分布式,便携式制冷和电子制冷解决方案至关重要.