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蝙蝠有机体显示出在上皮表面的抗病毒反应

Max J Kellner^1,2,3,4, Vanessa M Monteil^5,6, Patrick Zelger^7,8

¹Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria. maxjosef.kellner@helmholtz-hzi.de.

Nature immunology

|May 21, 2025

概括

蝙蝠对病毒具有显著的弹性,可以在没有疾病的情况下接收它们. 它们的呼吸道和肠道有机体显示出增强的先天免疫反应,特别是干扰素刺激的基因,为动物感染病毒提供强大的抗病毒保护.

科学领域:

病毒学病毒学
免疫学免疫学免疫学
比较病理学比较病理学

背景情况:

蝙蝠在没有疾病的情况下携带大流行性病毒.
蝙蝠病毒弹性的机制尚不清楚.
为了研究蝙蝠免疫力,需要生理相关的模型.

研究的目的:

开发蝙蝠器官模型,用于研究表皮抗病毒免疫力.
研究蝙蝠呼吸道和肠道组织中的先天免疫反应.
为了确定蝙蝠病毒弹性的机制.

主要方法:

从Rousettus aegyptiacus. 开发的呼吸道和肠道器官.
细胞多样性和免疫基因表达的特征.
感染动物性病毒的有机体,包括马堡病毒 (MARV).
评估干扰素 (IFN) 反应和抗病毒保护.

主要成果:

蝙蝠有机体在体内总结的表皮细胞多样性.
观察到I型干扰素-ε (IFNε) 和IFN刺激基因 (ISG) 的构成性表达升高.
蝙蝠有机体在病毒感染时表现出强烈的I型和III型IFN诱导.
IFN反应提供了强大的抗病毒保护.
第三种类型的IFNλ3表现出自我放大和增强的免疫力.

结论:

蝙蝠有机体是研究表皮抗病毒免疫力的有价值模型.
增强的构成性和可诱导的先天性免疫反应有助于蝙蝠的病毒弹性.
干扰素通路,特别是III型IFNλ3,在蝙蝠的抗病毒防御中起着至关重要的作用.
这些发现可能会为提高人类病毒性疾病抗性能力的策略提供信息.

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