在循环食品系统中建模抗微生物命运
Weixin Huang1, Marlous Focker1, H J van der Fels-Klerx1
1Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
概括
食品中的抗微生物残留物是一个令人担忧的问题. 一个新的模型表明,在循环畜牧业中,典型的使用不太可能超过限制,但建议监测flumequine和doxycycline.
科学领域:
- 食品安全与可持续农业
- 环境科学和风险评估
- 兽医药理学和毒理学 兽医药理学和毒理学
背景情况:
- 在牲畜中使用抗微生物药物 (AM) 可以导致食品中的残留物,影响人类健康.
- 循环食品生产系统整合了农作物和畜牧业,引发了关于AM命运的问题.
- 了解这些综合系统中的AM转移对于食品安全至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 开发和应用CirFSafe模型框架来预测五个AM的环境命运.
- 评估混合作物和牲畜农场的食品 (牛奶,肉类) 中的AM残留物水平.
- 在五年循环系统中,评估牛群中两种不同的AM暴露场景.
主要方法:
- 在循环食品生产模型 (CirFSafe) 中模拟五种不同的抗微生物药物 (AMs).
- 模拟一个混合农场系统,其中有耕作 (玉米) 和动物 (牛) 组成部分.
- 模拟两种牛AM暴露场景:年度持续暴露和一次性初始暴露.
主要成果:
- 模型预测表明,在模拟条件下,牛奶和肉类中的AM残留物不太可能超过欧洲监管限制.
- 用肥料肥土壤,随后种植玉米并没有导致AM转移到食品中.
- 对于不同的AM,观察到不同的残留模式,其中弗卢梅奎因 (FLU) 和多克西环素 (DOX) 显示出更高的转移潜力.
结论:
- 模拟的循环农业实践似乎将食品中的AM残留风险降至最低,低于监管值.
- 由于AM的行为变化,建议进行预防性监测,特别是flumequine和doxycycline.
- 该CirFSafe模型为评估集成农业系统中的AM风险提供了有价值的工具.
相关概念视频
01:27Microorganisms in Agriculture and Food industry
Microorganisms play a crucial role in agriculture and the food industry, contributing to soil fertility, crop protection, and food production. Their functions range from nitrogen fixation and biopesticide production to fermentation and food preservation, making them indispensable to sustainable farming and food safety.Role in AgricultureNitrogen-fixing bacteria, such as Rhizobium (symbiotic) and Azotobacter (free-living), convert atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia through biological nitrogen...
01:28Biological Methods for Microbial Control
Biological agents offer an effective means of controlling microbial growth by leveraging natural processes like predation, competition, and the secretion of antimicrobial substances.Predatory bacteria such as Bdellovibrio species target and kill pathogens like Salmonella and E. coli. They are widely used in poultry farms to control infections. Myxococcus species help combat plant-pathogenic fungi. These naturally occurring predators serve as eco-friendly alternatives to chemical pesticides and...
01:28Antimicrobial Effectiveness
The effectiveness of antimicrobial agents depends on various factors influencing their ability to eliminate microbial populations. Larger microbial populations require more time for complete eradication, emphasizing the importance of population size analysis when evaluating antimicrobial efficacy.Microbial resistance to antimicrobial agents varies significantly. Highly resilient microorganisms include endospores, gram-negative bacteria, and non-enveloped viruses, while prions are exceptionally...
01:29Microbes in Food Production
Microbial fermentation is central to food biotechnology, enhancing flavor, texture, preservation, and stability. Fermentative microorganisms metabolize carbohydrates into organic acids, alcohols, and other metabolites that inhibit spoilage organisms and improve digestibility while contributing distinctive sensory qualities.In baking, amylases naturally present in flour hydrolyze starch into monosaccharides such as glucose, which Saccharomyces cerevisiae ferments anaerobically. Through...
01:29Sources of Food Contamination
Contamination of food by microbial agents and natural toxins poses significant risks to public health. These hazards can be introduced at various points across the food supply chain, ranging from environmental sources to processing and storage stages. Understanding these contamination pathways is critical for developing strategies to ensure food safety.Seafood is particularly vulnerable to contamination through both environmental exposure and microbial colonization. Toxins from harmful algal...
01:21Microbiota Modulation by Antibiotics
Antibiotics have revolutionized modern medicine by saving countless lives from bacterial infections. However, their widespread use has inadvertently harmed the delicate balance of the human gut microbiota. The gut microbiota, a complex community of bacteria, archaea, viruses, and fungi, plays a vital role in regulating metabolism, immune responses, and maintaining intestinal health. Antibiotics, especially broad-spectrum types, disrupt this ecosystem by eradicating both harmful and beneficial...