国家政策对早期自闭症诊断的影响:定性调查
Olivia J Lindly1, Danielle Abate2, Plyce L Fuchu2
1Northern Arizona University, USA.
概括
在3岁之前早期诊断自闭症对于获得服务至关重要. 国家政策显著影响诊断时间和访问,在美国各地的差异影响发展监测和早期干预途径.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 卫生政策 卫生政策
- 发育儿科 发育儿科
背景情况:
- 在3岁之前早期诊断自闭症是美国的公共卫生优先事项,以确保及时获得关键服务.
- 自闭症诊断的平均年龄为49个月,在州一级存在显著的变化,这表明政策驱动的因素.
- 关于影响自闭症诊断时间的具体国家政策的研究有限.
研究的目的:
- 确定影响早期自闭症诊断的政策可修改的结构驱动因素.
- 审查五个美国州和全国范围内影响早期自闭症诊断的政策.
- 了解州和联邦政策如何影响自闭症诊断的年龄.
主要方法:
- 从2021年到2023年,与57名自闭症政策或研究专家进行了半结构面试.
- 专注于五个州 (亚利桑那州,加利福尼亚州,康涅狄格州,马萨诸塞州,宾夕法尼亚州) 和国家政策.
- 采用传统的内容分析来确定关键主题.
主要成果:
- 发育监测至关重要,但发育查的政策在各州内和各州之间有很大差异.
- 许多政策和上下文因素塑造了早期自闭症诊断途径.
- 州和社区的早期干预计划会影响早期诊断.
- 早期自闭症诊断途径的持续差异被政策加剧,特别是对服务不足的人群.
结论:
- 推进特定的州和联邦政策对于提高早期自闭症诊断率至关重要.
- 政策改进可以帮助降低自闭症诊断的平均年龄.
- 解决与政策相关的差异对于公平获得早期自闭症诊断服务至关重要.
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