人类骨肌特异性缩与运动训练和衰老:综合性综述
Caroline S Vincenty1, Gilhyeon Yoon1, Kaitlyn Rogers1
1Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, United States.
Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)
|May 22, 2025
概括
运动训练可以导致老年人肌肉的特定增长或损失. 目前的研究,主要是对四头四的研究,显示了各种反应,并没有完全揭示老年人所有肌肉的最佳训练.
科学领域:
- 老年学和运动生理学
- 骨肌肉生物学与衰老
背景情况:
- 与年龄相关的骨肌缩是一个重大问题,影响老年人的运动能力和健康.
- 众所周知,肌肉缩是特定于个体肌肉群的,需要量身定制的干预措施.
- 了解老年人群中运动诱导的肌肉缩对于开发有效的训练策略至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 在60岁及以上的个人中,全面审查和总结肌肉特异性缩反应对运动训练的反应.
- 分析不同运动模式 (阻力和有氧) 和训练时间对不同年龄组的肌肉大小的影响.
主要方法:
- 对6018篇同行评审出版物的系统审查,包括对监督阻力 (RE) 和有氧 (AE) 运动训练的研究.
- 纳入标准侧重于MRI,CT或超声波确定肌肉大小测量.
- 来自68项涉及1417名参与者的研究数据综合,按年龄 (60-69岁,70-79岁,80-89岁,≥90岁) 和培训时间分类.
主要成果:
- 数据的很大一部分 (79%) 集中在四头肌群,其他肌肉的代表性有限.
- 经过10-14周的训练后的反应显示,不同肌肉和年龄组的肌肉缩 (2%-14%) 和肌肉缩 (-6%到+9%) 变化不一.
- 在四头四中,增加训练重复并没有产生额外的缩,男性和女性表现出相同的反应.
结论:
- 目前的文献对老年人肌肉特异性炼反应的理解有限,因为重点关注四头肌.
- 对于所有年龄组 (六岁,七岁,八岁和非六十岁) 的全面骨肌肉发育,最佳的运动训练模式和剂量在很大程度上仍未确定.
- 需要进一步的研究来探索肌肉特异性适应在老年人群中炼的全方位.
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