分开抚养的同卵双胞胎的智商差异在很大程度上受到教育差异的影响
Jared C Horvath1, Katie Fabricant2
1English Schools Foundation Center for Research, 25/f, 1063 King's Rd., Quarry Bay, Hong Kong.
Acta psychologica
|May 22, 2025
概括
教育方面的差异显著影响了分开抚养的同卵双胞胎的智商得分. 分析个别双胞胎对的情况,揭示了他们的学历.
科学领域:
- 行为遗传学 行为遗传学
- 心理学 心理学 心理学
- 人类发展 人类发展
背景情况:
- 之前对单胞胎 (MZ) 双胞胎分开抚养 (TRA) 的研究主要使用了合并数据.
- 这种聚合忽略了关键的生活经历,如教育,这会影响智商.
- 现有研究报告说,MZ TRAs的平均智商差异约为8.0分,类内相关性 (ICC) 约为0.75.
研究的目的:
- 调查教育差异对MZ TRAs智商差异的影响.
- 分析非合并TRA对的综合数据集.
- 根据环境因素,重新评估ICC作为基因影响的衡量标准的有用性.
主要方法:
- 汇编了所有发表的个人化智商和过去一个世纪MZ TRA对的传记数据的数据.
- 分析了87个TRA对的数据集,根据学校教育相似性 (相似,有点不相似,非常不相似) 将它们分类为组.
- 研究了教育差异和智商分数变化之间的关系,以及对中的ICC.
主要成果:
- 学校教育的差异显著影响了TRA对之间的绝对智商差异:5.8分 (相似),12.1分 (有点不同) 和15.1分 (非常不同).
- 教育差异也影响了ICC:0.87 (类似),0.80 (有点不一样),和0.56 (非常不一样).
- 这些发现表明,教育对TRA对的智商结果有很大的环境影响.
结论:
- 教育经验在塑造MZ TRAs之间的智商差异方面发挥着关键作用.
- 在TRA研究中,传统使用聚合数据和ICC可能会掩盖环境因素的影响.
- 未来的研究应该优先考虑对个别TRA对的分析,并鼓励共享数据,以更好地了解对心理特征的遗传和环境影响.
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