在2018年至2023年期间,新南威尔士的多中心卫生区内的流感流行病学和共感染情况
Xinye Wang1, Andrea Tamar Sevendal2, Abbish Kamalakkannan3
1School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Virology Research Laboratory, Serology and Virology Division (SAViD), NSW Health Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Pathology
|May 22, 2025
概括
澳大利亚的流感 (IFV) 活动在COVID-19封锁期间显著下降,但在流行后急剧增加,早期的流感A (IAV) 峰值和较高的流感B (IBV) 率. 在儿童中,IFV的同时感染很常见.
科学领域:
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 传染性疾病 传染性疾病
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 在COVID-19大流行期间,澳大利亚的流感流行病学仍未得到充分描述.
- 了解流感病毒 (IFV) 活动和共感染的转变对于公共卫生至关重要.
- 公共卫生措施对IFV流通的影响需要详细调查.
研究的目的:
- 描述从2018年到2023年在新南威尔士 (NSW) 的IFV流行病学,涵盖疫情前,期间和后的时期.
- 调查IFV与其他呼吸道病毒 (ORV) 的同时感染情况.
- 分析不同的人口群体和时间段的IFV活动和共同感染可能性的趋势.
主要方法:
- 对IFV和ORV的诊断聚合酶链反应 (PCR) 数据的回顾性分析.
- 包括2018年至2023年期间来自新南威尔士州两个大都会卫生区的数据.
- 统计分析,包括后勤回归,以确定与IFV共感染相关的因素.
主要成果:
- 2020年4月至2021年间,IFV检测量极小 (阳性率<0.2%),与2019年 (14.4%) 形成鲜明对比.
- 在疫情后,IFV阳性显著增加:在2022年增长2.1%,在2023年增长3.8%.
- 流感A病毒 (IAV) 在2022-2023年之前达到峰值; 流感B病毒 (IBV) 检测在2019年和2023年更高.
- 同时感染发生在17.2%的IFV病例中,最常见的是与rhinovirus.
- 在5岁以下的儿童中,IFV同时感染的几率显著更高 (OR 8.18).
- 与IFV共同感染的SARS-CoV-2不常见 (1.3%).
结论:
- 该研究提供了对新南威尔士州不同流行病阶段的IFV流行病学的全面概述.
- 早些时候的IAV峰值和2022-2023年IBV率的增加需要持续的流感监测.
- 未来的监测应考虑测试量变化;同时感染在儿童中更为普遍.
- 多重诊断方法对于识别IFV和ORV共感染是有价值的.
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