高致病性H5禽流感A病毒的演变,传播和影响
Beatriz Bellido-Martín1, Willemijn F Rijnink1, Matteo Iervolino1
1Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Nature reviews. Microbiology
|May 22, 2025
概括
高致病性禽流感 (HPAI) H5病毒的/广东/1/1996血统构成了全球威胁. 本综述详细介绍了它们的演变,传播和对动物和人类的风险增加,以及缓解策略.
科学领域:
- 兽医病毒学 兽医病毒学
- 动物传播疾病流行病学
- 全球公共卫生 全球公共卫生
背景情况:
- 源自A/Goose/Guangdong/1/1996 (Gs/Gd) 血统的高度致病性禽流感 (HPAI) H5病毒,自1996年以来造成了重大的全球疫情.
- 这些病毒感染了家禽和野生动物,导致广泛的发病率,死亡率和经济损失,偶尔还报告了人类感染.
研究的目的:
- 审查Gs/Gd系H5HPAI病毒的历史出现,演变和地理传播.
- 分析宿主范围和跨物种传播的决定因素,评估表型变化,表明动物和流行病潜力增加.
- 讨论最近的不同寻常的疫情和对人类健康的不断变化的风险,以及基于One Health的缓解策略.
主要方法:
- 文献综述综合了关于H5 HPAI病毒出现和传播的历史数据.
- 对遗传和抗原多样化的分析,包括用低致病性禽流感病毒进行重新分类.
- 对宿主范围决定因素和跨物种传播事件的审查.
- 检查新宿主 (食肉哺乳动物,奶牛) 最近的疫情及其影响.
主要成果:
- Gs/Gd系H5病毒已经在全球传播,多样化为多个遗传和抗原子类.
- 与野生鸟类流感病毒进行广泛的重组,增加了遗传多样性.
- 野生食肉动物和奶牛的不寻常爆发突显了扩大宿主范围和新传染途径的潜力.
- 现型变化表明动物传播和潜在的流行病的风险越来越高.
结论:
- Gs/Gd系H5 HPAI病毒对动物和人类健康构成持续和不断变化的威胁.
- 了解病毒演变,宿主适应和传播动态对于预测和缓解未来疫情至关重要.
- 整合监测,研究和协调的对策的"一个健康"方法对于疫情准备至关重要.
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