优先考虑的健康状况和全球预期寿命差异
Omar Karlsson1,2,3, Angela Y Chang4,5, Ole F Norheim6,7
1Centre for Economic Demography, School of Economics and Management, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
JAMA network open
|May 23, 2025
概括
几个原因导致了全球大多数预期寿命差距. 传染病 (I-8) 在撒哈拉以南非洲是关键,而非传染病 (NCD-7) 在其他地方占主导地位,指导有针对性的卫生政策.
科学领域:
- 全球健康 全球健康
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 人口统计学 人口统计学
背景情况:
- 预期寿命反映了累积的健康暴露和差异.
- 确定预期寿命差距的主要驱动因素对于有效的公共卫生政策至关重要.
- 全球卫生倡议需要准确的死亡原因数据来解决紧急的健康问题.
研究的目的:
- 量化33种死亡原因对全球各地区预期寿命差异的贡献.
- 将8种传染病和母婴健康状况 (I-8) 和7种非传染性疾病/伤害 (NCD-7) 作为优先领域.
- 将这些贡献与先进的医疗保健和生活水平的基准进行比较.
主要方法:
- 分析来自165个国家的2000-2021年数据的横截面研究.
- 使用北大西洋国家作为可实现预期寿命的基准.
- 应用波拉德分解给世卫组织的全球卫生估计,以分析因死亡原因的预期寿命差距.
主要成果:
- 在全球范围内,I-8和NCD-7占2019年中位数国家预期寿命差距的80%.
- NCD-7是撒哈拉以南非洲以外的差距最大的贡献者,对中国和印度等国家产生了重大影响.
- 降低I-8死亡率在撒哈拉以南非洲带来了相当大的预期寿命增长,尽管NCD-7的影响正在增加.
结论:
- 一系列有限的原因在很大程度上推动了全球预期寿命差异.
- 了解I-8和NCD-7的不同贡献对于有针对性的卫生政策至关重要.
- 这些原因的数据,以及风险因素和发病率,可以指导减少死亡率和改善预期寿命的干预措施.
相关概念视频
01:30Primary Healthcare Services
1.5K
Primary care promotes wellness and prevents disease. This care includes health promotion, education, protection (such as immunizations), early disease screening, and environmental considerations. Settings providing this type of healthcare include physician offices, public health clinics, school nursing, and community health nursing.
In 1978, international leaders convened in Alma-Ata, Kazakhstan, for what would be a pivotal event in global health. The Alma-Ata Declaration was the first to call...
In 1978, international leaders convened in Alma-Ata, Kazakhstan, for what would be a pivotal event in global health. The Alma-Ata Declaration was the first to call...
1.5K
01:26Methods Of Healthcare Delivery System
3.5K
At the different levels of the healthcare system, we see varying methods of healthcare used. These methods include managed care systems, case management, and primary healthcare.
Managed Care System:
The managed care system is designed to control the cost while maintaining the quality of care. The patient's care from admission to discharge is planned by the primary care provider or the case manager, also known as the gatekeeper. In a managed care system, the number of care providers is...
Managed Care System:
The managed care system is designed to control the cost while maintaining the quality of care. The patient's care from admission to discharge is planned by the primary care provider or the case manager, also known as the gatekeeper. In a managed care system, the number of care providers is...
3.5K
01:21Dimensions of Health and Illness
8.4K
The factors influencing the health-illness continuum can be internal or external and may or may not be under conscious control. They are related to the following eight human dimensions, and each dimension is interrelated to one other.
8.4K
01:20Lifestyle Factors and Health
136
Lifestyle factors play a critical role in maintaining overall health and preventing chronic diseases. Key elements, such as regular physical activity, a nutritious diet, and abstinence from smoking, can significantly enhance physical, mental, and emotional well-being while reducing the risk of several life-threatening conditions.
Benefits of Physical Activity
Physical activity, whether through structured exercise or casual activities like walking, biking, or dancing, is a cornerstone of a...
Benefits of Physical Activity
Physical activity, whether through structured exercise or casual activities like walking, biking, or dancing, is a cornerstone of a...
136
01:26Levels of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention
13.4K
Health promotion allows a person to control the determinants of health, resulting in an improved health status. It enhances the quality of life and reduces premature deaths. Health promotion and illness prevention programs help people make beneficial choices to reduce the risk of disease and disabilities. There are three health promotion and illness prevention levels: primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention.
In primary prevention, actions taken before disease onset prevent the disease from...
In primary prevention, actions taken before disease onset prevent the disease from...
13.4K
01:18Factors Affecting Illness
4.5K
When a person's physical, emotional, intellectual, social development or spiritual functioning is compromised, this deviation from a healthy normal state is called illness. Illness creates stress that in turn harms individuals. Irritation, anger, denial, hopelessness, and fear are behavioral and emotional changes an individual experiences in the phases of illness. A variety of factors influence a person's health and well-being.
For instance, risk factors are connected to illness,...
For instance, risk factors are connected to illness,...
4.5K