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在奥林匹克体育运动中体型的上下文依赖的权衡
Shalaya Kipp1, Martin Husen2,3, Chad C Wiggins4
1Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA.
概括
跑步,游泳和骑自行车的精英运动员表现出身体大小的权衡,较小的运动员在更长的距离上表现出色. 这种模式适用于不同性别,表明运动中运动经济的最佳体型.
科学领域:
- 运动科学 运动科学 运动科学
- 人类的机动运动
- 生物力学 生物力学
背景情况:
- 精英跑步运动员表现出身体大小的权衡,为更长距离而偏爱较小的身体.
- 耐力运动中身体尺寸和表现之间的这种关系在其他学科,如骑自行车和游泳中仍然不太了解.
研究的目的:
- 研究不同奥林匹克运动 (游泳,跑步,骑自行车) 的体型指标与运动表现之间的关联.
- 确定在跑步者中观察到的体型大小权衡是否延伸到精英骑自行车者和游泳者.
- 为了比较性别之间的人类测量数据,以及这些体育运动中的不同赛事距离.
主要方法:
- 从男性和女性奥运运动员 (伦敦2012) 收集的人类测量数据 (身高,体重,体重指数 (BMI),身体表面积).
- 性别之间,体育运动之间 (游泳,跑步,骑自行车),以及每个体育运动内的短距离和长距离赛事之间的身体尺寸指标的比较.
- 使用统计分析来识别显著的差异和关联.
主要成果:
- 在所有体育运动中,男性的身高显著更高,体重更重,BMI比女性更高.
- 短距离跑步和游泳运动员通常比长距离运动员更高,更重.
- 观察到一个一致的权衡:较小的运动员在游泳,跑步和骑自行车的长距离比赛中更为普遍,而不论性别.
结论:
- 这项研究证实,在精英奥林匹克游泳运动员,跑步运动员和骑自行车运动员中,身体尺寸与距离的权衡.
- 尽管身体尺寸的性别差异很大,但在男性和女性中存在类似的与表现相关的尺寸权衡.
- 这些发现表明,骨肌肉质量和整体体积之间的最佳相互作用为高效的运动经济,在各种人类运动模式中保持.
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