年轻发病的2型糖尿病-流行病学,病理生理学和管理
Andrea O Y Luk1,2,3,4, Hongjiang Wu1,2,3, Yingnan Fan1,2,3
1Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China.
Journal of diabetes investigation
|May 24, 2025
概括
在全球范围内,年轻发病的2型糖尿病正在上升,不成比例地影响少数民族的年轻人. 本次审查强调了流行病学,风险因素和管理挑战,强调了需要量身定制的干预措施.
科学领域:
- 内分泌学 在内分泌学.
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 遗传学 是一个遗传学.
背景情况:
- 年轻发病的2型糖尿病 (Y-T2D) 患病率在全球范围内不断增加,特别是在低收入和中等收入国家.
- 这种人口主要影响非白人族裔和种族人口,带来独特的病理生理和管理挑战.
- 年轻人在临床试验中代表性不足,导致有效干预的证据基础不足.
研究的目的:
- 审查最近关于Y-T2D及其并发症的流行病学研究.
- 讨论导致Y-T2D的遗传和环境风险因素.
- 提出预防和管理策略,解决年轻患者的医疗和心理社会需求.
主要方法:
- 文献综述总结了最近的流行病学数据和Y-T2D风险因素分析.
- 讨论当前在血糖管理和年轻人护理方面的挑战.
- 引入精准医学重新定义胰岛素分泌和单一性糖尿病随机对照试验 (PRISM-RCT) 作为一种新的方法.
主要成果:
- Y-T2D在遗传和环境贡献中表现出异质性,使血糖控制复杂化.
- 致残的并发症在年轻时就会出现,影响生产力和生活质量.
- PRISM-RCT旨在评估一个结构化,基于精度的护理模式,整合生物遗传标记和技术.
结论:
- 解决Y-T2D发病率上升的问题需要定制的预防和管理策略.
- 精准医学方法,如PRISM-RCT,有望改善年轻患者的治疗结果.
- 了解遗留效应对于Y-T2D患者的长期健康至关重要.
相关概念视频
01:22Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational
3.0K
Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
3.0K
01:20Pathophysiology of Diabetes
1.3K
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility,...
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility,...
1.3K
01:22Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype
3.3K
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
3.3K
01:36Carbohydrate Metabolism
11.8K
Carbohydrates are polymers composed of molecules containing atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. One gram of carbohydrate can provide four kilo-calories of energy, which makes it the most efficient instant energy source.
Starch accounts for approximately 60% of the carbohydrates consumed by humans. Since amylase enzymes cannot function in the stomach's acidic environment, starch can only be digested in the mouth and small intestine. Simple sugars are found naturally in milk and fruits in...
Starch accounts for approximately 60% of the carbohydrates consumed by humans. Since amylase enzymes cannot function in the stomach's acidic environment, starch can only be digested in the mouth and small intestine. Simple sugars are found naturally in milk and fruits in...
11.8K
01:15Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy
415
The therapy for diabetes aims to alleviate hyperglycemia-related symptoms, prevent acute metabolic decompensation, and reduce chronic end-organ complications. Glycemic control is evaluated through short-term (self-monitoring, continuous glucose monitoring) and long-term (A1c, fructosamine) metrics, enabling near real-time tracking of blood glucose levels and reflecting glycemic control over specific time frames.
Insulin remains the cornerstone of treatment for most patients with type 1 and many...
Insulin remains the cornerstone of treatment for most patients with type 1 and many...
415
01:15Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications
719
For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is...
719