终身竞赛费用是否会影响评估策略的发展? 一个元分析
Clara Massote1, Alexandre V Palaoro2, Gareth Arnott3
1Departamento de Ecologia, Conservação e Manejo da Vida Silvestre, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
动物竞赛策略是由竞赛成本驱动的. 高成本的竞赛有利于自我评估,而低成本的竞赛则显示出不同的策略,与最初的假设相反.
科学领域:
- 行为生态学 行为生态学
- 进化生物学 进化生物学
- 动物行为 动物行为
背景情况:
- 动物竞赛的决定 (逃跑或留下) 极大地影响了个人的健康状况和终身成本.
- 存在两种主要策略:自我评估 (保持个人成本门) 和相互评估 (评估竞争对手的力量).
- 这些不同物种评估策略的进化驱动因素仍然不清楚,竞赛成本被认为是关键因素.
研究的目的:
- 测试这样一个假设:高成本的竞赛有利于相互评估,低成本的竞赛有利于自我评估.
- 调查竞赛成本在动物竞赛评估策略的演变中的作用.
- 分析物种竞赛参与的元分析,以了解战略演变.
主要方法:
- 进行了对来自36个物种的80个效果大小对动物竞赛参与的元分析.
- 根据成本累计 (高成本与低成本) 进行分类竞赛.
- 对比评估策略 (自我与相互评估) 与竞赛成本水平.
主要成果:
- 与假设相反,具有高成本竞赛的物种始终采用自我评估策略.
- 具有低成本竞赛的物种没有表现出一致的评估策略.
- 高成本的竞争似乎与失败显著减少繁殖成功的物种有关.
结论:
- 高成本的比赛可能会强制自我评估,因为失败或逃跑的严重健康后果.
- 低成本竞赛可能缺乏针对特定策略的强有力的选择性压力,导致不同的方法.
- 竞赛成本,特别是失败的影响,对动物评估策略的演变产生重大影响.
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