规范性和变异性核细胞重编程从精子到芽细胞
Fanju W Meng1, Patrick J Murphy2,3
1Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|May 26, 2025
概括
表观遗传重编程对于细胞身份至关重要,特别是在生殖细胞和早期胚胎中. 这项研究审查了跨物种的重编程,并比较了像ChIP-Seq.这样的表观基因组分析技术.
科学领域:
- 表观遗传学和发育生物学
- 基因组学和分子生物学
背景情况:
- 表观遗传重编程,涉及基因组修饰和变异,是细胞身份和基因调节的关键.
- 这一过程在特殊细胞,如生殖细胞和早期胚胎干细胞的发育过程中至关重要.
- 由于有限的起始材料,分析这些细胞中的表观遗传模式具有挑战性.
研究的目的:
- 提供从精子过渡到胚芽阶段胚胎期间表观遗传重编程的概述.
- 在多种模型系统 (Drosophila,斑马鱼,哺乳动物) 中比较表观遗传重编程.
- 讨论和比较用于表观遗传学分析的基因组分析方法.
主要方法:
- 审查关于表观遗传重编程的现有研究.
- 模型系统的比较分析.
- 讨论基因组分析技术 (ChIP-Seq,CUT&Tag,CUT&RUN) 的使用情况.
主要成果:
- 在胚胎早期发育过程中,表观遗传重编程模式在不同的模型系统中有所不同.
- 特定的组织蛋白修饰和变异在生殖细胞和早期胚胎中起着不同的作用.
- ChIP-Seq,CUT&Tag和CUT&RUN为全基因组表观遗传学分析提供了不同的优势和局限性.
结论:
- 了解生殖细胞和早期胚胎中的表观遗传重编程对于发育生物学来说至关重要.
- 跨模型生物的比较研究增强了我们对保存和分离机制的理解.
- 选择适当的表观基因组分析技术对于精确分析有限的细胞群至关重要.
相关概念视频
Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming
1.8K
Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for...
1.8K
Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming
1.9K
Nuclear reprogramming is the process of switching gene expression of one cell type to that of another cell type, usually from a differentiated cell state to an undifferentiated cell state. Differentiation occurs during processes such as development and morphogenesis, tissue regeneration, and malignancy. Cells can also be artificially induced to reprogram their gene expression by techniques such as nuclear transfer, induced pluripotency, and cell fusion. Such techniques have many applications in...
1.9K
Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells
1.6K
Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...
1.6K
Inheritance of Chromatin Structures
6.2K
Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying...
6.2K
Nucleosome Remodeling
9.0K
Nucleosomes are the basic units of chromatin compaction. Each nucleosome consists of the DNA bound tightly around a histone core, which makes the DNA inaccessible to DNA binding proteins such as DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase. Hence, the fundamental problem is to ensure access to DNA when appropriate, despite the compact and protective chromatin structure.
Nucleosome remodeling complex
Eukaryotic cells have specialized enzymes called ATP-dependent nucleosome remodeling enzymes. These enzymes...
Nucleosome remodeling complex
Eukaryotic cells have specialized enzymes called ATP-dependent nucleosome remodeling enzymes. These enzymes...
9.0K
Fertilization
70.9K
During fertilization, an egg and sperm cell fuse to create a new diploid structure. In humans, the process occurs once the egg has been released from the ovary, and travels into the fallopian tubes. The process requires several key steps: 1) sperm present in the genital tract must locate the egg; 2) once there, sperm need to release enzymes to help them burrow through the protective zona pellucida of the egg; and 3) the membranes of a single sperm cell and egg must fuse, with the sperm...
70.9K


