执行职能与体力活动和5-7岁儿童的静坐时间的关联:多方法试点研究
Anni Byman1, Natalia Stalchenko1, Anssi Vanhala1
1Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
概括
适度至强烈的体力活动可以支持幼儿的神经认知发育. 这项研究发现了身体活动,久坐时间和大脑活动之间的关联,但不是行为执行功能.
科学领域:
- 儿童发展 儿童发展
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 运动科学 运动科学 运动科学
背景情况:
- 执行职能对于幼儿发展至关重要.
- 身体活动和减少静坐时间可能有利于执行功能,但研究结果是混合的.
- 需要一种结合神经生理学和行为学措施的多方法方法来理解幼儿的这些关系.
研究的目的:
- 探索体育活动,久坐时间和执行功能之间的关联,使用幼儿的神经生理和行为测量.
- 研究身体活动强度和久坐行为与神经认知过程之间的关系.
- 解决关于执行功能的多方法评估与早期儿童体育活动相关的研究差距.
主要方法:
- 一项涉及18名年龄在6.75岁的儿童的横截面试点研究.
- 执行功能使用计算机行为测试 (抑制+切换,工作记忆) 和事件相关潜力 (ERP) EEG范式进行评估.
- 身体活动和久坐时间被客观地测量,使用部佩戴的加速度计.
主要成果:
- 在抑制+切换任务中,更快的响应时间与更大的新奇P3振幅相关.
- 中度和中度至强度的体力活动与增加的新性P3振幅和更长的峰值延迟有关.
- 轻度体力活动与更小的振幅,静止时间与更短的延迟有关;然而,体力活动/静止时间和行为执行功能措施之间没有发现显著的关联.
结论:
- 适度至强烈的体力活动可能会积极影响幼儿时代潜在的执行功能的神经认知过程.
- 神经生理学指标,特别是像新奇P3这样的ERP,在这个年龄组中比行为指标更容易感受身体活动和久坐时间的影响.
- 这项试点研究突出了体育活动在支持与执行功能相关的大脑发育方面的潜力,需要在更大样本尺寸下进行进一步的研究.
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