生至6岁的皮质生长与儿童神经认知功能之间的纵向关联
Megan M Davis1, Mackenzie Woodburn1, Tehila Nugiel2
1Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514.
概括
早期的大脑发育,特别是婴儿期皮层厚度的变化,预测了以后的工作记忆功能. 额叶中的特定模式是未来认知能力的关键指标.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 人类大脑成像技术
背景情况:
- 生命的前五年对人类皮层发育至关重要,皮层厚度发生显著变化.
- 以前的研究强调,产后早期是一个敏感的窗口,但缺乏细粒度的时间数据.
- 识别早期皮质变化的特定模式,从而预测后来的神经和认知结果仍然是一个挑战.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究从出生到六岁的皮质厚度变化的时间模式.
- 为了确定皮质发育的不同阶段是否预测9岁时的工作记忆性能和大脑激活.
- 将早期前额叶皮层发育与后来的神经认知功能联系起来.
主要方法:
- 对50名儿童皮质厚度的纵向分析,从出生到6岁的孩子进行了多达11次扫描.
- 非线性多层次建模,分析大脑范围内的皮层变化模式.
- 在大约9岁时评估工作记忆性能和大脑激活.
主要成果:
- 皮层厚度从出生到12个月显著增加,然后从12个月到18个月下降,直到6岁时略有增加.
- 工作记忆性能和9岁的神经激活与12个月的峰值厚度较小以及12-18个月之间的中额头回形下降不那么急剧有关.
- 这些在中前回环 (MFG) 的发现支持前叶结构和工作记忆能力之间的联系.
结论:
- 在婴儿期观察到的早期皮质生长模式,包括增殖和修剪,在人类数据中得到了验证.
- 婴儿前额叶皮层的发育,特别是中额叶环,是大约9年后神经认知功能的独特预测因素.
- 这项研究为皮层发育的敏感时期及其长期预测价值提供了关键的时间洞察力.
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