人工智能在患者医疗保健中的使用态度:来自人口调查的证据 维涅特实验
Simon Kühne1, Jannes Jacobsen2, Nicolas Legewie3
1Faculty of Sociology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany.
Journal of medical Internet research
|May 27, 2025
概括
公众对医疗保健中人工智能 (AI) 的信任取决于可靠性和透明度. 关键因素,如人工智能属性和社会人口统计学影响接受,指导负责任的整合策略.
科学领域:
- 调查公众对医疗保健中人工智能 (AI) 的态度.
- 专注于医疗环境中道德和有效地采用人工智能技术.
背景情况:
- 人工智能 (AI) 具有改变医疗保健诊断和治疗的巨大潜力.
- 公众的信任,风险感知和态度对于人工智能在医疗保健中的伦理采用至关重要.
- 有限的实证研究存在于公众对医疗保健中的AI的支持,特别是在大规模的代表性研究中.
研究的目的:
- 检查患者医疗保健中对人工智能的公众态度.
- 确定AI属性 (自主性,成本,可靠性,透明度) 如何影响对支持,风险和个性化护理的看法.
- 分析社会人口统计学因素对这些观念的调节作用.
主要方法:
- 在德国对3030名参与者进行了一项基于概率的调查,进行了因数图片实验.
- 受访者评估了医院诊断和治疗场景中的假设AI应用.
- 线性回归模型和子组分析评估了AI属性和社会人口统计学的影响.
主要成果:
- 总体而言,公众对医疗保健中的人工智能的看法是中立的或略为负面的 (平均值为4.2-4.4在7分级).
- 可靠性是影响公众支持和接受的最重要因素 (解释差异高达10.5%).
- 透明度也很重要 (高达4%的EV),而成本和自主性则起到较小的作用. 社会人口统计学差异是有限的.
结论:
- 可靠性,透明度和以患者为中心是公众对人工智能的信任和接受在医疗保健中的关键驱动因素.
- 调查结果为决策者,提供者和开发者提供基于证据的建议,以促进信任和问责制.
- 强调需要有针对性的政策和教育,以确保在患者护理中负责任地整合人工智能.
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