SARS-CoV-2 Omicron 变异的宿主易感性和进入过程使用携带尖端蛋白质的伪型病毒
Alexandria Zabiegala1, Yunjeong Kim1, Kyeong-Ok Chang2
1Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, 1800 Denison Avenue, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA.
BMC veterinary research
|May 28, 2025
概括
SARS-CoV-2 Omicron 变种有效地感染人类和动物细胞,其中一些变种与父菌株相比显示出增强的入口. 与原来的SARS-CoV-2相比,Omicron变种的细胞进入途径不如原始的SARS-CoV-2那么依赖于内分体途径.
科学领域:
- 病毒学 病毒学
- 动物传播疾病 动物传播疾病
- 分子生物学分子生物学
背景情况:
- 已知SARS-CoV-2和早期变种的动物感染潜力,但对Omicron变种和SARS-CoV的数据有限.
- 了解病毒进入机制对于评估传播和制定对策至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 评估SARS-CoV-2 Omicron变种 (BA.1.1,BA.4/5,XBB.1,JN.1) 和SARS-CoV.的动物感染潜力.
- 为了比较这些变体进入人类和动物细胞 (狗,猫,白尾鹿) 的进入效率.
- 为了研究宿主蛋白酶 (TMPRSS2,cathepsins) 在病毒进入中的作用.
主要方法:
- 基于lentivirus的伪病毒的生成,显示来自SARS-CoV-2父母和Omicron变体,MERS-CoV和SARS-CoV.的尖端蛋白质.
- 对伪病毒进入表达人类或动物ACE2受体的细胞的评估.
- 用于蛋白酶处理,进入/抑制试验和融合试验的西部抹杀.
- 在病毒入境时对甲素抑制剂的疗效的评估.
主要成果:
- SARS-CoV-2 Omicron 变种有效地进入了人类和动物的 ACE2 表达细胞,BA.4/5 和 XBB.1 与父系菌株相比显示出增强的进入.
- SARS-CoV 伪病毒也有效地进入了人类和动物细胞.
- TMPRSS2显著增强了所有测试的伪病毒的入口,特别是Omicron变种BA.1.1,JN.1和XBB.1.1.
- 甲素抑制剂对Omicron变异的有效性低于父系菌株,这表明对内分体入口通路的依赖性降低.
结论:
- SARS-CoV-2 Omicron 变种具有显著的动物感染潜力,在各种动物物种中有效利用 ACE2 受体.
- 与父系的SARS-CoV-2菌株相比,Omicron变种表现出改变的细胞进入机制,更多地依赖于TMPRSS2和更少依赖于内体内素通路.
- 这些发现强调了SARS-CoV-2的不断变化的性质,并强调了对新兴变种及其动物传染能力的持续监测的必要性.
相关概念视频
Viruses with RNA Genomes
1.2K
RNA viruses are categorized into positive-strand, negative-strand, or double-stranded groups based on their genomic structure and replication mechanisms. This classification dictates how they exploit host cellular machinery for protein synthesis and replication. Some RNA viruses also utilize reverse transcription as part of their life cycle, further diversifying their replication strategies.Positive-Strand RNA VirusesPositive-strand RNA viruses have genomes that function directly as messenger...
1.2K
Viral Recombination
25.4K
Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.
25.4K
Conjugated Proteins
29.5K
Simple proteins and protein complexes contain only amino acids. In contrast, many other proteins, called conjugated proteins, covalently bond with non-protein moieties.
Nucleoproteins are protein complexes that contain nucleic acids, categorized as deoxyribonucleoproteins (DNPs) or ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) respectively. The nucleosome is a typical example of a DNP where nuclear DNA is associated with histone proteins. The major antigen for the Covid-19 virus SARS-CoV is an RNP that is critical...
Nucleoproteins are protein complexes that contain nucleic acids, categorized as deoxyribonucleoproteins (DNPs) or ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) respectively. The nucleosome is a typical example of a DNP where nuclear DNA is associated with histone proteins. The major antigen for the Covid-19 virus SARS-CoV is an RNP that is critical...
29.5K
Size and Structure of Viral Genomes
953
Viral genomes exhibit remarkable diversity in size, structure, and composition, influencing their replication strategies and interactions with host cells. These genomes consist of either DNA or RNA and may be linear or circular. Additionally, they can be single-stranded or double-stranded, with each configuration affecting how the virus propagates within a host. RNA viruses, for instance, generally have smaller genomes than DNA viruses, a factor that contributes to their high mutation rates and...
953
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs
19.1K
A single nucleotide polymorphism or SNP is a single nucleotide variation at a specific genomic position in a large population. It is the most prevalent type of sequence variation found in the human genome. Point mutations that occur in more than 1% of the population qualify as SNPs. These are present once every 1000 nucleotides on an average in the human genome. Replacement of a purine with another purine (A/G) or a pyrimidine with another pyrimidine (C/T) is known as a transition. In contrast,...
19.1K
Retroviruses
15.2K
Retroviruses and retrotransposons both insert copies of their genetic elements into the genome of the host cell. Thus, the viral genes are passed on when the host genome is replicated or translated. A typical retroviral DNA sequence contains 3-4 genes that encode the different proteins required for its structural assembly and function as a molecular parasite. This DNA is transcribed into a single mRNA, which is very similar in structure to conventional mRNAs, i.e., it is capped at the 5’...
15.2K


