在mRNA疫苗接种和感染后,SARS-CoV-2变体特定中和抗体的长期动态
Veronika Vaňová1, Jana Náhliková1, Martina Ličková1
1Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia.
Viruses
|May 28, 2025
概括
接种mRNA疫苗后的抗体水平在两年内保持稳定,混合免疫力提供了对SARS-CoV-2变种的增强,长期保护,包括Omicron亚型.
科学领域:
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 病毒学 病毒学
- 疫苗学 疫苗学 疫苗学
背景情况:
- 疫苗接种后和感染后的长期抗体动态对于了解SARS-CoV-2 (严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒2) 保护至关重要.
- 评估疫苗的疗效,并为辅助剂量策略提供信息,需要对中和抗体持久性的洞察.
研究的目的:
- 在mRNA疫苗接种和自然感染后的三年内分析SARS-CoV-2中和抗体的长期动态.
- 评估针对各种SARS-CoV-2变体的抗体反应,包括Omicron亚型,并比较疫苗诱导的免疫与混合免疫.
主要方法:
- 纵向分析了来自19个人的114个血清样本,跨越了3年的6个时间点.
- 针对9种SARS-CoV-2变种和抗S1IgGELISA的伪型基中和测试被使用.
主要成果:
- 抗体水平在第三剂mRNA疫苗 (Comirnaty) 后达到峰值,并在两年内保持稳定.
- 在第二次和第三次剂量后,中和化标位显著增加,在增强剂后两年观察到的最高水平.
- 与单独接种疫苗相比,混合免疫在最终时间点显示了更高的中和度.
- 对抗S1 IgG和对抗Omicron亚变体的中和标位之间观察到适度的相关性,对抗XBB变体的中和程度最低.
结论:
- 补充疫苗接种对于保持强大的抗体水平和对SARS-CoV-2的保护至关重要.
- 相比于单独接种疫苗,混合免疫提供了更持久和更强大的长期保护.
- 新兴的SARS-CoV-2变种如XBB表现出显著的免疫逃避,需要持续的监测和疫苗更新.
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