身体构成与消防员职业表现之间的关系:系统审查和元分析
Joel R Martin1,2, Mark G Abel3, Kayleigh Newman1
1Sports Medicine Assessment Research & Testing (SMART) Laboratory, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA.
Work (Reading, Mass.)
|May 28, 2025
概括
较高的无脂肪质量和较低的体脂百分比是消防员在职业测试中的表现的关键. 这项研究有助于优化培训和选的身体工作需求.
科学领域:
- 职业健康 职业健康 职业健康
- 运动生理学 运动生理学
- 运动科学 运动科学 运动科学
背景情况:
- 消防工作需要在苛刻的条件下进行艰苦的体力活动.
- 优化消防员的身体准备需要了解身体构成在性能中的作用.
- 职业绩效测试 (OPT) 模拟关键的工作任务.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查和元分析人体组成和消防OPT性能之间的关系.
- 确定与消防员能力最相关的特定身体组成指标.
主要方法:
- 在遵守PRISMA指南的基础上进行系统审查.
- 使用随机效应模型对相关系数进行元分析.
- 包括26项研究,检查身体脂肪百分比 (BF%),无脂肪质量 (FFM),脂肪质量 (FM) 和体重指数 (BMI) 与OPT结果相比.
主要成果:
- 聚合相关性表明,更高的FFM (r̅ = -0.61) 和更低的BF% (r̅ = 0.46) 与更快的OPT完成时间有显著的关联.
- 身体质量指数 (BMI) 与OPT表现的相关性较弱 (r̅ = 0.10).
- 总体而言,FFM和个人消防任务之间的关联是最强的,其次是BF%.
结论:
- 增加FFM和减少BF%对于消防OPT的最佳性能至关重要.
- 这些发现支持在消防员查和培训计划中使用特定的身体组成措施.
- 针对FFM和BF%可以提高消防员满足职业需求的能力.
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