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嗅觉功能障碍增加了认知障碍的老年人痴呆的进展:一项为期12年的基于人口的研究
Javier Oltra1, Ingrid Ekström2, Maria Larsson3
1Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden. javier.oltra@ki.se.
GeroScience
|May 28, 2025
概括
认知障碍没有痴呆 (CIND) 和嗅觉功能障碍 (OD) 一起显著增加痴呆风险. 孤立的嗅觉功能障碍也可以作为早期痴呆症指标.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 老年学是指老年学的学科.
- 流行病学 流行病学
背景情况:
- 嗅觉缺陷越来越多地被认为是潜在的认知衰退和未来痴呆风险的早期指标.
- 认知和嗅觉障碍的联合存在可能意味着神经退行症的晚期,可能导致痴呆症诊断的时间更短.
研究的目的:
- 调查与认知障碍无痴呆症 (CIND),嗅觉功能障碍 (OD) 相关的12年痴呆风险,以及它们在基于人口的老年人队列中的共发生情况.
- 为了区分单独的CIND,单独的OD和组合的CIND+OD所带来的痴呆风险.
- 检查痴呆症诊断的时间与这些损伤概况相关.
主要方法:
- 利用了来自2406名瑞典国家研究老龄化和护理在Kungsholmen (SNAC-K) 的参与者的数据.
- 根据CIND和OD状态在基线分类的参与者.
- 使用考克斯和拉普拉斯回归来估计痴呆风险比率和12年随访期间诊断的时间.
主要成果:
- 结合CIND和OD (CIND+OD) 显示,在6年内,痴呆的危险比率 (HR) 显著增加 (HR 11.38),特别是对amnestic CIND+OD (HR 22.23) 的危险比率.
- 孤立的CIND与更接近基线的痴呆风险相关 (HR 3.38).
- 孤立的OD与痴呆风险相关,与基线相比,更接近 (HR 2.56) 和更远 (HR 2.12),表明潜在的早期和持续的标志物.
- 患有CIND+OD的个体比其他群体早大约3年接受了痴呆症诊断.
结论:
- 同时的认知和嗅觉障碍代表了痴呆症进展的高短期风险.
- 嗅觉功能障碍,即使是孤立的,也可能成为痴呆症的有价值的早期预警信号.
- 这些发现强调了评估老年人认知和嗅觉功能的重要性,以确定早期痴呆症风险.
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