儿童对残疾相关住宿的评价和推理的发展
Nicolette Granata1, Chyna Bacchus1, Melanie Leguizamon1
1Department of Psychology & Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
Child development
|May 29, 2025
概括
幼儿学会将残疾人住宿安排视为越来越公平的,因为他们年龄越大. 年长的孩子专注于需求,而年轻的孩子专注于动机,影响公平判断.
科学领域:
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 社会认知是指社会认知.
- 关于残疾人的研究.
背景情况:
- 残疾儿童经常在教育环境中获得住宿.
- 这些住宿通常不会向典型发展 (TD) 的同学解释.
- 了解TD儿童对住宿公平性的看法对于包容性环境至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查TD儿童如何对残疾人住宿进行推理.
- 检查住宿公平性评估的发展轨迹.
- 确定影响儿童对适应公平性判断的因素.
主要方法:
- 参与者:122名5岁,7岁和9岁的典型发育儿童.
- 程序:孩子们听到关于残疾人物的故事,使用住宿 (认知或身体).
- 措施:孩子们解释了使用住宿的原因,并评估了其公平性.
主要成果:
- 九岁的孩子认为住宿比5岁的孩子公平得多.
- 年长的孩子们的解释更多地集中在人物的需求上,而年轻的孩子们则集中在动机上.
- 专注于需求预测了更公平的评估,而专注于动机预测了更不公平的评估.
结论:
- 儿童对残疾人住宿的推理随着年龄的增长而发展.
- 了解他人的需求与对住宿的更公平的看法有关.
- 干预可以促进基于需求的推理,以促进更大的公平性和包容性.
更多相关视频
相关概念视频
01:25Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development from Childhood into Adulthood
374
Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development emphasizes the role of thinking in a child's learning process, suggesting that children are naturally curious about their environment. His approach to development is discontinuous, proposing that cognitive abilities progress through distinct stages, each with unique characteristics. Central to Piaget's theory is schemata—mental structures that allow individuals to understand and interpret the world.
Schemata: Building Blocks of Knowledge
Schemata: Building Blocks of Knowledge
374
01:24Revisionist Views of Adolescent and Adult Cognition
112
A revisionist approach to Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development has brought new insights that challenge and reinterpret his established ideas. Piaget proposed that the formal operational stage, emerging in adolescence, represents the culmination of cognitive maturity. During this stage, individuals are said to develop abstract thinking, engage in systematic problem-solving, and show a form of egocentrism, believing others are as preoccupied with their behavior as they are...
112
01:25Learning Disabilities
280
Learning disabilities are cognitive disorders caused by neurological impairments that affect cognitive functions like language and reading, without indicating overall intellectual or developmental challenges. These disabilities differ from global intellectual or developmental disabilities as they are limited to distinct cognitive functions. Common learning disabilities include dysgraphia, dyslexia, and dyscalculia, each of which impacts unique aspects of learning.
Dyslexia
Dyslexia is a...
Dyslexia
Dyslexia is a...
280
01:29Intellectual Disability
170
Intellectual disability (ID) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by deficits in intellectual and adaptive functioning that manifest during the developmental period. This condition encompasses challenges in reasoning, memory, problem-solving, and learning, accompanied by impairments in everyday life skills, such as communication, self-care, and social interactions. Intellectual disability affects approximately 1% of the population in the United States, impacting an estimated 5...
170
01:30Information Processing Approach
171
The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...
171
01:18Cognitive Development During Adolescence
145
During adolescence, individuals experience significant cognitive development that enhances their understanding of others' emotions and thoughts, known as cognitive empathy. This period is marked by an increased ability to adapt to others' perspectives and a more nuanced understanding of others' mental states, a skill that is foundational for social problem-solving and conflict avoidance. The development of cognitive empathy relies heavily on the theory of mind — the...
145