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Updated: Sep 20, 2025

Computation of Atmospheric Concentrations of Molecular Clusters from ab initio Thermochemistry
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Computation of Atmospheric Concentrations of Molecular Clusters from ab initio Thermochemistry

Published on: April 8, 2020

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大气化学的十个关键未知在寒冷的环境中

Thorsten Bartels-Rausch1, Jessie Creamean2, Jennie L Thomas3

  • 1PSI Center for Energy and Environmental Sciences, Paul Scherrer Institute PSI, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland. thorsten.bartels-rausch@psi.ch.

Faraday discussions
|May 29, 2025
PubMed
概括

北极和南洋等寒冷地区的大气化学物质显著影响气候和空气质量. 需要进行研究来理解这些复杂的冰层-大气相互作用在一个不断变化的世界.

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The Equilibrium Constant03:10

The Equilibrium Constant

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When an ideal gas is compressed adiabatically, that is, without adding heat, work is done on it, and its temperature increases. In an adiabatic expansion, the gas does work, and its temperature drops. Adiabatic compressions actually occur in the cylinders of a car, where the compressions of the gas-air mixture take place so quickly that there is no time for the mixture to exchange heat with its environment. Nevertheless, because work is done on the mixture during the compression, its...
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For example, gaseous nitrogen dioxide forms dinitrogen tetroxide according to this equation:
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If a reaction has a small equilibrium constant, the equilibrium position favors the reactants. In such reactions, a negligible change in concentration may occur if the initial concentrations of reactants are high and the Kc value is small. In such circumstances, the equilibrium concentration is approximately equal to its initial concentration.  This estimation can be used to simplify the equilibrium calculations by assuming that some equilibrium concentrations are equal to the initial...
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The physical form of a substance changes on changing its temperature. For example, raising the temperature of a liquid causes the liquid to vaporize (convert into vapor). The process is called vaporization—a surface phenomenon. Vaporization occurs when the thermal motion of the molecules overcome the intermolecular forces, and the molecules (at the surface) escape into the gaseous state. When a liquid vaporizes in a closed container, gas molecules cannot escape. As these gas phase...
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