Jove
Visualize
联系我们
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
关于 JoVE
概览领导团队博客JoVE 帮助中心
作者
出版流程编辑委员会范围与政策同行评审常见问题投稿
图书馆员
用户评价订阅访问资源图书馆顾问委员会常见问题
研究
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments存档
教育
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab Manual教师资源中心教师网站
使用条款与条件
隐私政策
政策

相关概念视频

Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors01:23

Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors

271
Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) is a serine protease widely distributed in the body. It's involved in the inactivation of GLP-1 and GIP hormones, which are crucial for insulin regulation. DPP-4 inhibitors, such as sitagliptin (Januvia), saxagliptin (Onglyza), linagliptin (Tradjenta), alogliptin (Nesina), and vildagliptin (Galvus), help increase the proportion of active GLP-1, enhancing insulin secretion. These inhibitors work by competitively binding to DPP-4. This binding causes a...
271
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Biguanides and Glitazones01:26

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Biguanides and Glitazones

310
Biguanides, particularly metformin (Glucophage), are insulin sensitizers that enhance glucose uptake, thereby reducing insulin resistance. Unlike sulfonylureas, metformin doesn't prompt insulin secretion, which helps to curb hypoglycemia risk. Metformin is beneficial in treating conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome due to its insulin-resistance reduction capability. The drug's primary action involves curtailing hepatic gluconeogenesis, a significant contributor to high blood...
310
Insulin Secretory Vesicles01:05

Insulin Secretory Vesicles

5.4K
Insulin secretory vesicles release insulin to stimulate blood glucose uptake and regulate carbohydrate metabolism. When the blood glucose levels increase, glucose enters the pancreatic β-islet cells through glucose transporters. Once inside, glucose is metabolized through glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain, producing ATP. This increase in ATP concentration closes ATP-sensitive potassium channels, leading to depolarization of the membrane and the opening of...
5.4K
Insulin: Biosynthesis, Chemistry, and Preparation01:25

Insulin: Biosynthesis, Chemistry, and Preparation

570
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of pancreatic β-cells synthesizes preproinsulin, which consists of a signal peptide, A and B chains, and a C-peptide. Preproinsulin is then cleaved and folded into proinsulin, which translocates to the Golgi apparatus for sorting and packaging into secretory granules. In these granules, enzymatic clipping generates insulin and C-peptide.
Damage or functional impairment of β-cells inhibits insulin production, leading to diabetes. Diabetes treatment...
570
Glucagon-like Receptor Agonists01:24

Glucagon-like Receptor Agonists

438
Incretins include glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), which stimulate insulin secretion post-meals. In type 2 diabetes, GIP's efficacy is reduced, making GLP-1 a viable drug target. GIP originates from preproGIP.
GLP-1, when administered in high doses intravenously, triggers insulin secretion, inhibits glucagon release, slows gastric emptying, reduces food intake, and restores normal insulin secretion. However, its rapid inactivation by...
438
Insulin: The Receptor and Signaling Pathways01:28

Insulin: The Receptor and Signaling Pathways

1.5K
Insulin action is mediated through a receptor tyrosine kinase, akin to the IGF-1 receptor. The number of receptors per cell varies significantly, from 40 on erythrocytes to 300,000 on adipocytes and hepatocytes. The insulin receptor consists of linked α/β subunit dimers, forming a heterotetramer glycoprotein with two extracellular α subunits and two β subunits spanning the membrane. The α subunits inhibit the inherent tyrosine kinase activity of the β subunits, but...
1.5K

您也可能阅读

相关文章

通过共同作者、期刊和引用图与本文相关的文章。

排序
Same author

Learning endocrine physiology of the female reproductive system through memes.

Advances in physiology education·2025
Same author

Age-related differences in long-term memory performance and astrocyte morphology in rat hippocampus.

Neurobiology of aging·2025
Same author

Benfotiamine Ameliorates Streptozotocin-Induced Alzheimer's Disease in Rats by Modulating Neuroinflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Microglia.

Molecular neurobiology·2025
Same author

"Effects of Redox Status on Immediate Hypericin-Mediated Photodynamic Therapy in Human Glioblastoma T98G Cell Line".

ACS omega·2025
Same author

"The Mystery of the Cell Kingdom": an online game to improve the learning of thyroid physiology.

Advances in physiology education·2024
Same author

Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Benfotiamine in a Sporadic Alzheimer's-Like Disease Rat Model: Insights into Insulin Signaling and Cognitive function.

ACS chemical neuroscience·2024

相关实验视频

Updated: Sep 20, 2025

Live Images of GLUT4 Protein Trafficking in Mouse Primary Hypothalamic Neurons Using Deconvolution Microscopy
08:47

Live Images of GLUT4 Protein Trafficking in Mouse Primary Hypothalamic Neurons Using Deconvolution Microscopy

Published on: December 7, 2017

9.9K

链毒素和L-布氨酸-硫胺降低神经元膜脂质包装和改变胰岛素信号.

Yandara A Martins1, Camila A E F Cardinali2, Andressa P Costa2

  • 1Departamento de Fisiologia E Biofisica, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. yandaraakamine@gmail.com.

Neurotoxicity research
|May 29, 2025
PubMed
概括

衰老的细胞膜有助于神经退行性疾病. 链毒素 (STZ) 和L-布氨酸-硫胺 (BSO) 改变了神经-2a细胞的膜组成和胰岛素信号,诱导胰岛素抵抗.

关键词:
细胞膜的细胞膜.胆固醇 胆固醇 胆固醇胰岛素信号传递途径斯芬哥米叶林是一种神经元.

更多相关视频

Studying the Hypothalamic Insulin Signal to Peripheral Glucose Intolerance with a Continuous Drug Infusion System into the Mouse Brain
08:32

Studying the Hypothalamic Insulin Signal to Peripheral Glucose Intolerance with a Continuous Drug Infusion System into the Mouse Brain

Published on: January 4, 2018

10.5K
Homogeneous Time-resolved Förster Resonance Energy Transfer-based Assay for Detection of Insulin Secretion
07:30

Homogeneous Time-resolved Förster Resonance Energy Transfer-based Assay for Detection of Insulin Secretion

Published on: May 10, 2018

9.4K

相关实验视频

Last Updated: Sep 20, 2025

Live Images of GLUT4 Protein Trafficking in Mouse Primary Hypothalamic Neurons Using Deconvolution Microscopy
08:47

Live Images of GLUT4 Protein Trafficking in Mouse Primary Hypothalamic Neurons Using Deconvolution Microscopy

Published on: December 7, 2017

9.9K
Studying the Hypothalamic Insulin Signal to Peripheral Glucose Intolerance with a Continuous Drug Infusion System into the Mouse Brain
08:32

Studying the Hypothalamic Insulin Signal to Peripheral Glucose Intolerance with a Continuous Drug Infusion System into the Mouse Brain

Published on: January 4, 2018

10.5K
Homogeneous Time-resolved Förster Resonance Energy Transfer-based Assay for Detection of Insulin Secretion
07:30

Homogeneous Time-resolved Förster Resonance Energy Transfer-based Assay for Detection of Insulin Secretion

Published on: May 10, 2018

9.4K

科学领域:

  • 细胞生物学 细胞生物学
  • 神经科学是一个神经科学.
  • 生物化学 生物化学

背景情况:

  • 细胞膜的完整性,组成和流动性对于细胞功能至关重要.
  • 膜衰老假设认为,衰老的细胞膜有助于与年龄相关的疾病,包括神经退行.
  • 最佳的膜环境对于膜蛋白如胰岛素受体的正常功能至关重要.

研究的目的:

  • 为了研究链毒素 (STZ) 和L-buthionine-sulfoximine (BSO) 对神经元膜特性的影响.
  • 评估STZ和BSO对胰岛素信号通路的影响.
  • 探索膜变化的作用在建模衰老和神经退行.

主要方法:

  • 用STZ和BSO治疗小鼠神经母细胞瘤2a (神经-2a) 细胞.
  • 使用MTT试验评估细胞活力.
  • 胆固醇和斯芬戈美林含量的量测量.
  • 使用Laurdan探针对膜极性的评估.
  • 通过qPCR对Srebf2和Cyp46a1基因表达的分析.
  • 通过免疫阻塞检查胰岛素信号通路蛋白质.

主要成果:

  • STZ治疗降低了神经元胆固醇,降低了Srebf2和Cyp46a1的表达,并减少了膜包装.
  • 通过BSO治疗,增加了髓含量,上调了Srebf2和Cyp46a1的表达,并减少了膜包装.
  • 两种STZ和BSO治疗都诱导了神经-2a细胞的胰岛素抵抗状态.

结论:

  • STZ和BSO显著改变神经元膜的组成和透性.
  • 膜环境中的这些变化与诱导胰岛素抵抗有关.
  • 该研究提供了关于膜衰老假设及其与神经退行模型相关性的见解.