精英越野滑雪运动员在夏季的宏观自行车中比生物运动员发展出更大的生理适应能力
Victor V Feofilaktov1, Daniel Heil2, Evgeny B Myakinchenko3
1College of Health and Natural Sciences, Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Franklin Pierce University, Rindge, New Hampshire.
Journal of strength and conditioning research
|May 29, 2025
概括
精英越野滑雪运动员与双项运动员相比,由于在低强度和体育特定训练中训练量更高,因此表现出更好的生理适应性. 这些适应,包括改善有氧能力,在滑雪运动员的夏季宏观周期中更为明显.
科学领域:
- 运动科学 运动科学 运动科学
- 运动生理学 运动生理学
- 耐力运动是一种耐力运动.
背景情况:
- 像越野滑雪 (XC) 和双马 (BI) 这样的耐力运动中的精英运动员接受严格的训练.
- 了解不同训练方式的生理适应对于优化表现至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为了比较精英XC滑雪运动员和两项运动员在6个月的夏季宏观周期中的生理和训练负载变化.
- 识别导致一个群体比另一个群体更优越适应的因素.
主要方法:
- 在7年内对26个生理和8个训练负载参数进行了回顾性分析.
- 包括32名精英男性XC滑雪运动员和41名精英男性双田径运动员.
- 在整个6个月的夏季宏观周期中每月收集数据.
主要成果:
- XC滑雪运动员表现出较低的体脂和较高的肌肉质量,而不是两项运动员.
- XC滑雪者在通风门 (VT) 和氧气吸收峰值 (V·o2max) 上表现出卓越的有氧能力.
- 与双人运动员相比,XC滑雪运动员参与的低强度训练 (LIT),全力训练和运动特训 (SST) 量明显增加.
结论:
- 较高的LIT,SST和全力训练训练量可能有助于XC滑雪运动员更好的生理适应.
- 观察到,在整个宏观周期中,生理适应是延迟的,而不是同时发生的.
- 训练策略的差异显著影响了精英耐力运动员的适应结果.
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