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夏季商业建筑工人的热应激和压力:试点研究
Jonathan W Specht1, Serena A Garcia1, Erica Tourula2
1Department of Health, Exercise, and Sports Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico.
Journal of occupational and environmental hygiene
|May 29, 2025
概括
建筑工人面临着高温相关疾病风险. 这项研究发现,即使在温和的热量下,建筑工人也会出现显著的热应变,主要是由高代谢率驱动的,而不仅仅是环境热量.
科学领域:
- 职业健康 职业健康 职业健康
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 身体生理学 身体生理学
背景情况:
- 建筑工人死于与热有关的疾病的死亡率是建筑工人的13倍.
- 这种人群的热应激受环境热量,体力劳动和防护装备的影响.
- 之前的研究没有使用美国建筑工人的核心体温 (Tcore) 来评估热应变.
研究的目的:
- 为了评估美国夏季建筑工人的热应变.
- 调查工作类型,工作环境和热应变指标之间的关系.
- 确定导致该职业群体中核心体温升高的关键因素.
主要方法:
- 32名建筑工人 (木匠,混凝土工人,工人,屋顶工人) 在三个夏季工作日内被监控.
- 测量包括热量指数 (HI),心率 (HR),核心温度 (Tcore) 和水分状态 (尿液特定重量 - USG).
- 根据工作类型和工作环境 (覆盖面积和未覆盖面积) 将工人分类.
主要成果:
- 峰值热量指数表示低至中等的热应力潜力.
- 43%的工人超过了38.0°C的Tcore,4%的工人超过了38.5°C.
- 在未覆盖区域 (868 W vs 632 W) 的高峰代谢率与峰值Tcore (r2 = 0.55) 有意义地相关.
- 63%的工人一天开始就脱水了,但在轮班期间水分水平并没有恶化.
结论:
- 建筑工人甚至在适度暴露于环境热量时也会经历显著的热应变.
- 升高的新陈代谢率,特别是在未覆盖的工作环境中,是热应变的主要驱动因素.
- 工作类型和工作环境会影响热量暴露和代谢负载,需要量身定制的热量管理策略.
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